The Definitive Answer: No Grizzlies in Pennsylvania
Grizzly bears, a subspecies of brown bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), are not found in Pennsylvania. Their historical range primarily covered western North America, from Alaska down to Mexico and parts of the Great Plains. Pennsylvania’s environment, characterized by eastern deciduous forests, lacks the expansive, often mountainous or tundra-like habitats grizzlies typically require.
The Bears of Pennsylvania: Black Bears
Pennsylvania is home to the American black bear (Ursus americanus), the only bear species found in the state. These bears are widespread, inhabiting over three-quarters of Pennsylvania’s forested areas, with sightings confirmed in every county. Black bears are adaptable omnivores, with their diet largely consisting of vegetation such as fruits, berries, nuts, and grasses, supplemented by insects, small mammals, and carrion. Their population in Pennsylvania has seen substantial growth, increasing from fewer than 5,000 in the 1970s to an estimated 18,000 to 19,000 individuals currently.
American black bears are powerful animals, typically measuring 50 to 85 inches in length and standing about 30 inches at the shoulder. While most Pennsylvania black bears have glossy black fur, some can exhibit cinnamon or even blond coloration. They are agile, capable of running up to 35 mph, climbing trees, and swimming effectively. These bears play a role in the state’s ecosystem, acting as seed dispersers and contributing to forest health.
Telling the Difference: Black Bears vs. Grizzly Bears
Distinguishing between black bears and grizzly bears involves observing several key physical characteristics, as color alone is not a reliable indicator. Grizzly bears possess a noticeable muscular hump between their shoulders, which black bears lack. This hump provides immense strength for digging, a primary activity for grizzlies.
Another distinguishing feature is the facial profile: grizzlies tend to have a “dished-in” or concave face with shorter, rounded ears, while black bears have a straighter profile from their forehead to their nose and longer, more pointed ears.
Claw length also differs significantly; grizzly bears have long, gently curved claws (2 to 4.5 inches) suited for digging, whereas black bears have shorter, more sharply curved claws (1 to 2 inches) better adapted for climbing trees.
Additionally, when standing on all fours, a grizzly’s rump is often lower than its shoulders, while a black bear’s rump is typically higher.
Where Grizzly Bears Call Home
Grizzly bears primarily inhabit western North America, with significant populations found in Alaska, much of western Canada, and portions of the northwestern United States. Their current range in the contiguous United States includes fragmented populations in states such as Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Washington. These areas provide the large, often wild and mountainous, expanses they require.
Grizzly bear habitats vary, encompassing high mountain forests, subalpine meadows, arctic tundra, and coastal regions. These environments offer diverse food sources and ample space, which are necessary for their survival. The habitat requirements of grizzly bears differ considerably from the characteristics of Pennsylvania’s landscape.