Juneau’s location within the vast Tongass National Forest and its rich coastal environment make it a prime habitat for wild bears. The region’s abundant resources, especially the seasonal salmon runs, support a robust population of these large mammals throughout the summer and fall months. Understanding which species inhabit the area is important for anyone venturing onto the local trails or waterways.
Defining the Bears of Juneau
The immediate answer to the question of grizzly bears in Juneau is nuanced, resting on a geographical distinction rather than a biological one. The bears found in the Juneau area are classified as Coastal Brown Bears, which belong to the same species, Ursus arctos, as the Grizzly Bear. The term “grizzly” typically refers to the smaller, inland subspecies that live in mountainous or tundra environments away from the coast. Coastal Brown Bears, however, benefit from a plentiful diet of salmon, which allows them to grow significantly larger and live in higher population densities than their inland relatives.
The Juneau region is home to two distinct species: the Coastal Brown Bear and the American Black Bear, or Ursus americanus. Both species coexist in the local wilderness, though they often utilize different ecological niches to minimize direct competition for food. Brown Bears dominate the salmon-rich coastal flats and larger river systems, while Black Bears are frequently observed closer to developed areas and in the surrounding forests. This dual presence means that visitors must be able to confidently identify both types of bears for safety.
Distinguishing Between Local Bear Species
Identifying the two bear species in the field is a matter of focusing on physical structure, as relying on color alone can be misleading; Black Bears can be brown or cinnamon-colored, and Brown Bears can be quite dark. The most definitive characteristic of a Brown Bear is the prominent muscle hump located over its shoulders, which is entirely absent on a Black Bear. This hump is a mass of muscle and fat that provides the power necessary for digging or attaining bursts of speed.
A Brown Bear’s face typically has a concave or “dished” profile, and its ears are relatively small and rounded. Conversely, a Black Bear has a straight facial profile, often described as a “Roman nose,” and its ears are noticeably taller and more pointed. Another reliable feature is the front claws, which are long and relatively straight on a Brown Bear (about two to four inches), an adaptation for excavating. Black Bears possess shorter, more sharply curved claws (less than two inches), which are better suited for climbing trees.
How to Safely Share Juneau’s Wilderness
Coexisting with bears requires commitment to safety protocols and respecting their space. A primary rule for hikers is to avoid surprising a bear by making noise while moving through the dense coastal brush. Talking loudly or singing alerts bears to human presence, giving them time to move away without feeling threatened. It is also recommended to hike in groups, as larger parties are easier for bears to detect and are safer.
Carrying bear spray is standard practice, but its effectiveness depends on accessibility and correct use. The deterrent is most effective when a bear is within about 30 feet, necessitating quick deployment. Proper food storage is another layer of avoidance, as a fed bear often becomes a problem bear. All food, garbage, and scented items must be secured in bear-proof containers to prevent bears from associating humans with easy meals.
During an encounter, stand your ground, speak calmly, and slowly wave your arms to identify yourself as human. Never run, as this can trigger a chase response. If a bear approaches, back away slowly while talking to it, giving it space to retreat. In the rare event of a defensive attack, where a bear feels its cubs or food cache are threatened, lie flat on your stomach, protect the back of your neck with interlocked fingers, and play dead.
Notable Bear Viewing Areas
Juneau offers accessible and structured opportunities for viewing bears, particularly during the late summer and fall when salmon are spawning. The Mendenhall Glacier Recreation Area, which is only a short drive from downtown, is one of the most convenient locations. Black Bears are frequently seen fishing for salmon along the Steep Creek trail from mid-July through October, often viewed from elevated boardwalks.
For a more remote experience with Coastal Brown Bears, visitors can travel to Admiralty Island, famously known as the “Fortress of the Bears” (Kootznoowoo). The Pack Creek Bear Sanctuary, located on the island, is a regional hotspot with a high density of Brown Bears. Access to Pack Creek is strictly regulated and requires a permit and travel by boat or floatplane from Juneau. Visitors must maintain strict adherence to all safety rules, even under the supervision of park personnel.