Grizzly bears are no longer found in Arizona, having been extirpated from the state. This article explores their historical presence, the bear species currently inhabiting Arizona, and how to distinguish between bear species for public safety.
Historical Presence of Grizzly Bears
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) once roamed extensively throughout Arizona’s mountainous and riparian areas. Human activities led to their disappearance, and by the early 20th century, populations in the West were significantly reduced. The last known grizzly bear in Arizona was killed around 1935, marking the species’ extirpation. This decline resulted from habitat loss, overhunting, and human encroachment. Settlers, ranchers, and hunters viewed grizzlies as threats to livestock and human safety, leading to systematic eradication efforts.
Arizona’s Current Bear Population
The only bear species found in Arizona today is the American black bear (Ursus americanus). These are the smallest and most widely distributed North American bear species, with Arizona’s population estimated between 2,500 and 3,500 individuals. Black bears inhabit various forested areas, including pinyon-juniper woodlands, chaparral, and coniferous forests, typically at elevations of 4,000 to 10,000 feet.
Despite their name, black bears exhibit colors from black to brown, cinnamon, and even blonde, which can lead to misidentification. They are opportunistic omnivores, with a diet of grasses, berries, nuts, insects, and occasionally carrion. Black bears are generally solitary, shy, and intelligent animals, though they may gather at food sources.
Distinguishing Bear Species and Safety
While grizzly bears are not present in Arizona, understanding the differences between black bears and grizzlies is useful. Key physical distinctions include a prominent shoulder hump on grizzlies, absent in black bears. Grizzly bears have a dished or concave facial profile, while black bears have a straighter, more dog-like profile. Grizzlies also possess longer, straighter claws suited for digging, whereas black bears have shorter, more curved claws adapted for climbing.
Practicing bear safety is important for those recreating in wild areas. Individuals should secure food, garbage, and other attractants in bear-resistant containers to prevent habituation to human food sources. Making noise while hiking and traveling in groups can help avoid surprising a bear. If an encounter occurs, remain calm, avoid running, and make yourself appear as large as possible by waving your arms and yelling. If a black bear attacks, fighting back with any available means is recommended.