Grizzly Bears are confirmed to be present in the Wind River Range (WRR), a mountain range located in western Wyoming. The WRR has become part of the species’ re-established distribution. The presence of these large carnivores means visitors must approach any trip into the Winds with appropriate preparation and respect for the ecosystem. Understanding current population dynamics and proper safety protocols is necessary for visitor safety and the continued recovery of the species.
Current Status and Range Expansion
The Wind River Range is situated within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), where Grizzly Bears have been the focus of a decades-long recovery effort. Grizzlies remain a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act, mandating ongoing conservation management. The GYE population has increased significantly since 1975, with estimates reaching approximately 965 bears as of 2022.
This growing population has led to the expansion of their occupied range into historically inhabited areas, including the southern portions of the WRR. While density is lower than in core areas like Grand Teton National Park, the entire range is now considered Grizzly country. This expansion indicates successful recovery but increases the potential for human-bear conflicts. Proactive conflict prevention measures, such as bear-secure dumpsters, are being implemented as the bears establish territory in the southern Winds.
Distinguishing Grizzlies from Black Bears
Since both Black Bears and Grizzly Bears inhabit the Wind River Range, accurate differentiation is a fundamental safety skill. Relying on fur color is unreliable, as both species exhibit wide color variations. Identification should focus on three consistent physical characteristics.
Shoulder Hump
The most reliable feature is the prominent muscle mass, or “hump,” located between the shoulders of a Grizzly Bear. This hump is absent on a Black Bear, whose body profile is flatter, with its highest point typically at the rump.
Facial Profile and Ears
The shape of the face also provides a clear distinction. Grizzlies have a concave, or “dished,” facial profile that slopes inward from the forehead to the nose tip. Black Bears have a straight facial profile. Additionally, a Grizzly Bear’s ears are generally shorter and more rounded compared to the Black Bear’s longer, more pointed ears.
Claws
The third identifier is the length and curvature of the front claws. Grizzly Bear claws are long (2.5 to 4.5 inches) and relatively straight, adapted for digging. Black Bear claws are shorter (less than 1.5 inches) and more sharply curved, which aids in climbing trees. Using the shoulder hump and facial profile provides the safest way to make an identification from a distance.
Essential Safety Protocols for the Wind River Range
Recreating safely in the Wind River Range requires strict adherence to safety protocols designed for Grizzly country. Proper food storage is paramount, as bears accustomed to human food often become a threat. All odorous items, including food, trash, and toiletries, must be stored in approved bear-resistant containers, such as Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee (IGBC) certified canisters.
If using a hanging system, attractants must be suspended at least 10 feet off the ground and four feet away from any vertical support. The campsite layout must follow the “rule of 100 yards,” positioning cooking, eating, and storage areas away from the sleeping area. Never store attractants inside a tent.
Carrying bear spray is mandatory for all visitors and must be kept readily accessible, not packed inside a backpack. Bear spray is a deterrent effective at stopping an aggressive bear when deployed correctly. It is important to know how to quickly unholster the canister and remove the safety clip, as it sprays 25 to 30 feet.
While hiking, making noise is the most effective way to avoid startling a bear at close range. Hiking in a group is also advisable, as larger groups are more noticeable. In the event of a close-range encounter, the appropriate action depends on the bear’s behavior.
If a bear approaches defensively—often with lowered ears or huffing—it is usually protecting cubs or a food source. The recommended action is to stand your ground, use the bear spray, and then lie flat on your stomach if contact is made. If a bear approaches silently with intense focus, this indicates predatory behavior, in which case you must fight back aggressively.