Grizzly bears are present in Idaho. Historically, these bears roamed across much of Idaho, but their range significantly reduced due to habitat loss and hunting. Since 1975, grizzly bears in the contiguous United States have been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act, a status that remains in effect for Idaho’s populations. This protection aids in their recovery and long-term survival. Their presence highlights the importance of understanding their distribution and how to safely coexist with them.
Current Presence and Distribution
Grizzly bears are found in specific recovery zones within Idaho, part of larger ecosystems spanning multiple states. The main areas where grizzlies are observed include the northern Idaho Panhandle and eastern Idaho, particularly near Yellowstone National Park. These regions represent some of the last strongholds for grizzly bear populations in the lower 48 states.
The Selkirk Mountains in northern Idaho host a grizzly population of around 35-40 bears. The Cabinet-Yaak Ecosystem, straddling the Idaho-Montana border, has approximately 30-40 grizzlies. In eastern Idaho, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports a larger population, extending into Wyoming and Montana. Idaho is also part of the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem, though specific population numbers for Idaho within this ecosystem are less defined. These designated recovery zones highlight ongoing efforts to restore and expand grizzly bear numbers and distribution.
Distinguishing Grizzlies from Black Bears
Differentiating between a grizzly bear and a black bear is important for safety, as both species inhabit Idaho’s wild areas. While color is not a reliable indicator—black bears can be brown or cinnamon, and grizzlies can range from blond to dark brown—several physical characteristics provide clear distinctions.
A primary feature is the shoulder hump, prominent on a grizzly due to strong digging muscles. Black bears lack this hump, and their highest point when on all fours is the middle of their back or hind end. The facial profile also differs; grizzlies have a concave or “dished” face with a noticeable dip between their eyes and the end of their nose, while black bears have a straighter, more dog-like profile. Grizzlies have smaller, more rounded ears in proportion to their head size, while black bears have larger, more pointed ears. Their claws also differ: grizzlies possess long, gently curved claws (2-4 inches) adapted for digging, while black bears have shorter, more sharply curved claws (usually less than 2 inches) better suited for climbing trees.
Living Safely in Grizzly Country
Staying safe in grizzly country involves adopting specific practices to minimize encounters and know how to react if one occurs. Always carry bear spray and ensure it is easily accessible, as it is an effective deterrent for both grizzly and black bears. Knowing how to use it properly is as important as carrying it.
Making noise while hiking, especially in areas with dense vegetation or near streams, helps prevent surprising a bear. Traveling in groups is recommended, as groups are noisier and can appear more intimidating to bears. Proper food storage is essential. Secure food, garbage, and scented items in bear-resistant containers or hung from a tree, at least 10 feet off the ground and 4 feet from any vertical support, away from sleeping areas. Never keep food in your tent.
If you encounter a bear, remain calm and do not run, as running can trigger a chase response. Identify yourself by talking calmly and slowly waving your arms, allowing the bear to recognize you as human. Slowly back away sideways, keeping the bear in sight but avoiding direct eye contact.
If a grizzly charges, it might be a bluff charge; stand your ground and prepare your bear spray. If an attack occurs, particularly from a grizzly, play dead by lying flat on your stomach with hands clasped behind your neck, spreading your legs to make it harder for the bear to turn you over. Only fight back if the attack persists or if it appears to be a predatory attack.