Grizzly bears are abundant in Alaska, making the state a primary habitat for these powerful animals. They are an iconic part of the Alaskan wilderness, contributing to its rich wildlife and unique ecosystem.
Understanding Alaskan Grizzlies and Brown Bears
The terms “grizzly bear” and “brown bear” often cause confusion, but scientifically, they refer to the same species: Ursus arctos. The distinction is primarily based on geographic location and diet.
In Alaska, bears found along the coast, with access to rich salmon runs and marine-derived food sources, are typically called “brown bears.” These coastal bears often grow larger due to their protein-rich diet. Conversely, bears inhabiting interior Alaska, such as those in mountain slopes, tundra plains, and inland forests, are commonly referred to as “grizzlies.” These inland bears generally have a more varied and less abundant diet, consisting of roots, grubs, small rodents, and vegetation, which can result in them being smaller in size. Despite these regional naming conventions and size differences, all Alaskan brown bears are genetically part of the Ursus arctos species.
Alaskan Grizzly Habitat and Population
Grizzly bears are widespread across Alaska, inhabiting nearly all parts of the state. Their habitats range from coastal areas and river bottoms to interior forests, subalpine meadows, and arctic tundra.
Alaska boasts one of the largest and healthiest grizzly bear populations in North America. The estimated population in Alaska is around 30,000 individuals, representing the majority of the U.S. brown bear population and a significant portion of the continent’s total. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game plays a role in managing these populations to ensure their health and sustainability.
Coexisting with Alaskan Grizzlies
Living and recreating in Alaska often means sharing space with grizzlies, making bear awareness and safety practices important. One fundamental principle is to avoid surprising a bear, which can be achieved by making noise while hiking, especially in areas with dense vegetation or blind corners. Carrying bear spray and knowing how to use it is also a recommended deterrent, kept readily accessible, not in a backpack. Proper food storage is another important practice; food, garbage, and other attractants should be kept out of reach of bears, ideally in bear-resistant containers and away from tents.
Understanding bear behavior is important for safe coexistence. Signs of agitation can include excessive salivation, stiff legs, jaw clacking, huffing, or swatting at the ground. A bear standing on its hind legs is often curious, trying to get a better view or scent, rather than being immediately threatening.
If a bear charges, it is important to stand your ground and not run, as running can trigger a chase response. Many charges are “bluff charges,” where the bear stops short or veers off, intended to scare rather than attack. If a brown bear makes physical contact during an attack, playing dead by lying on your stomach with hands clasped behind your neck is generally recommended, remaining still until the bear leaves. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game provides extensive resources and guidelines for bear safety and management, emphasizing prevention and responsible behavior in bear country.