Geckos are found in Arizona, which hosts a small, distinct population of these lizards. The state’s diverse geography, from dry desert floors to human-populated urban centers, provides suitable conditions for their presence. This environment supports both a native gecko species and an established non-native one, which often causes confusion for residents. The native species is a true desert dweller, while the introduced one thrives alongside human infrastructure. Understanding the distinctions between these two groups helps appreciate the herpetological diversity in Arizona.
The Western Banded Gecko
The sole indigenous gecko in the state is the Western Banded Gecko (Coleonyx variegatus), a small lizard adapted to arid environments. This species typically measures four to six inches in total length, including its tail, and possesses a slender build. Its coloration is usually a sandy-yellow or pinkish-tan base with dark brown to black crossbands that are often broken into irregular patches.
A distinguishing feature is its unique feet, which lack the specialized adhesive toe pads found on many other geckos. Because of this anatomical difference, this lizard is strictly terrestrial and cannot climb smooth vertical surfaces. It is also one of the few geckos with movable eyelids. The Western Banded Gecko is nocturnal, spending its days hidden beneath rocks or in burrows to hunt small invertebrates.
Introduced Species in Urban Areas
The gecko most commonly encountered in urban areas like Phoenix, Tucson, and Yuma is the Mediterranean House Gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus). This non-native species originated in the Mediterranean region and parts of Asia, arriving in Arizona through commerce and transportation. They have successfully established themselves in metropolitan environments, showing a strong association with human structures.
These house geckos are small, generally reaching four to five inches, and often appear translucent with skin ranging from light tan to pinkish-white, mottled with dark spots. Unlike the native gecko, they possess specialized toe pads that allow them to cling effortlessly to vertical walls and ceilings. They are nocturnal and are frequently observed near outdoor lights, ambushing insects attracted to the illumination.
Habitat and Identification
The two types of geckos occupy entirely different ecological niches within Arizona, making their locations a primary identifier. The native Western Banded Gecko is restricted to natural desert scrub, rocky canyons, and sandy arroyos, generally avoiding human habitation. They are true ground-dwellers, and any gecko seen climbing a vertical wall is likely the introduced species.
The introduced Mediterranean House Gecko is almost exclusively found in urban and suburban settings. They utilize the cracks, crevices, and walls of buildings for shelter and hunting. To differentiate them in the field, look closely at the body and feet: the native gecko has smooth skin, slender toes without pads, and movable eyelids, while the introduced species has bumpy or granular skin, large toe pads, and large, lidless eyes.