Foxes are widespread throughout New Jersey, found in diverse environments from dense woodlands to suburban areas. Their adaptability contributes to common sightings. Both red and gray fox species inhabit New Jersey.
Fox Species in New Jersey
New Jersey is home to two primary fox species: the red fox and the gray fox. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is generally larger, weighing between 8 to 15 pounds. They are recognized by their orange-red coat, black legs, black-tipped ears, and a distinctive white-tipped tail. While this is the most common coloration, their fur can range from pale gold to deep reddish-brown.
The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) is slightly smaller, weighing from 6.5 to 15 pounds. This species features a grizzled gray coat on its upper parts, with rusty or reddish-brown patches on its neck, ears, legs, and lower sides, and white areas on its chin and belly. A black stripe runs down the back of its tail, which typically has a black tip. Unlike the red fox, the gray fox possesses uniquely hooked claws, allowing it to climb trees.
Habitats and Diet
Foxes in New Jersey exhibit remarkable adaptability, inhabiting a wide array of environments. Red foxes often prefer woodland edges adjacent to open fields, meadows, and lawns, and are also commonly seen in suburban and urban areas. Gray foxes, in contrast, typically favor wooded, brushy, and rocky areas, including deciduous woodlands. Both species may utilize dens found in hollow trees, stumps, old woodchuck burrows, or under porches and decks in residential settings.
Their diet is varied, reflecting their opportunistic feeding habits as omnivores. Red foxes primarily consume small mammals like meadow voles and rabbits. They also forage for birds, eggs, insects, fruits, and berries, and scavenge on carrion and garbage. Gray foxes also consume small mammals such as cottontails, voles, and mice, but incorporate more fruits and vegetable matter into their diet.
Coexisting with Foxes
Coexisting with foxes in New Jersey involves understanding their behavior and implementing preventative measures to reduce potential conflicts. Foxes are generally shy and avoid human interaction; however, they can become accustomed to human activity if they find food sources in residential areas. Avoid feeding foxes, as this can lead to them losing their natural wariness and becoming more assertive.
To deter foxes, secure trash bins with tight-fitting lids and avoid leaving pet food outdoors. Protecting small domestic animals is important, as foxes may prey on chickens, ducks, rabbits, and occasionally cats. Keep pets indoors, especially at night, and supervise them when outside to ensure their safety. If a fox appears sick or exhibits unusual behavior, it should not be approached. While healthy foxes pose little danger to humans, they can carry diseases like rabies, so any suspected contact with a rabid animal should be reported to local health authorities immediately.