The natural world holds many remarkable creatures, and among them, the flying squirrel stands out for its unique ability to navigate the forest canopy. These fascinating rodents are often shrouded in mystery due to their secretive, nocturnal lives. Their presence in various ecosystems sparks curiosity regarding their distribution. Understanding where these animals reside and how they interact with their environment offers valuable insights into regional biodiversity.
Flying Squirrels in Tennessee
Tennessee is home to two distinct species of flying squirrels: the Southern Flying Squirrel ( Glaucomys volans) and the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus). Both species are native to North America and can be found within the state’s diverse landscapes. While the Southern Flying Squirrel is more common and widespread across Tennessee, the Northern Flying Squirrel has a more restricted distribution, typically found in the higher elevations of the Appalachian Mountains in eastern Tennessee.
These two species, though similar in gliding, differ in size and physical characteristics. The Southern Flying Squirrel is smaller, measuring about 8 to 10 inches in length, including its tail. Its fur is typically grayish-brown on the back, with a creamy white underside where the belly hairs are white all the way to the base. In contrast, the Northern Flying Squirrel is larger, ranging from 10 to 15 inches long. It also has brownish-gray fur, but a distinguishing feature is that its belly fur is gray at the base. Both species possess large, dark eyes adapted for low light and a flattened tail that aids in their aerial movements.
Where They Live and What They Eat
Flying squirrels primarily inhabit mature deciduous and mixed forests with an abundance of large, older trees. These environments provide essential resources such as tree cavities and abandoned woodpecker holes for nesting sites. Southern Flying Squirrels often prefer oak-hickory forests, especially near water sources, given the availability of mast-producing trees. Northern Flying Squirrels are typically found in coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, especially at elevations greater than 4,500 feet in the Appalachian Mountains.
As omnivores, flying squirrels consume a varied diet that shifts seasonally. Their primary food sources include nuts, such as hickory nuts and acorns, which they often hoard for winter consumption. They also feed on seeds, fruits, and fungi, including truffles and lichens. Additionally, their diet can include insects, bird eggs, and occasionally even carrion; Southern Flying Squirrels are more carnivorous than their northern relatives.
Spotting and Observing Them
Observing flying squirrels in their natural habitat can be challenging due to their strictly nocturnal nature. They are most active during the hours around sunset and sunrise, making direct sightings rare. However, their unique gliding ability is a key characteristic to look for. They launch from a high point and spread a furry membrane, called a patagium, between their front and rear legs. This membrane acts like a parachute, allowing them to glide efficiently between trees, with their flattened tail serving as a rudder for steering and braking.
To increase sighting chances, focus on areas with mature trees, especially those with visible tree cavities or abandoned woodpecker holes. Placing nuts or seeds on a bird feeder at night can also attract Southern Flying Squirrels. While generally quiet, they communicate through high-pitched chirps and squeaks. Using a red-filtered flashlight can help observe them without causing disturbance, as they are less sensitive to red light.