Flying squirrels are present in Ohio. These unique rodents are native to the state. Their presence often goes unnoticed due to their nocturnal habits.
Species of Flying Squirrels in Ohio
Ohio is home to two distinct species of flying squirrels: the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) and the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus). The Southern Flying Squirrel is significantly more common and widespread throughout Ohio’s wooded regions. In contrast, the Northern Flying Squirrel is considered rare within the state, with its distribution confined to specific, limited areas.
Unique Characteristics and Behavior
Physical Adaptations
Flying squirrels possess distinguishing physical features that enable their unique locomotion. Their most notable adaptation is the patagium, a furry membrane of skin that stretches from their wrists to their ankles. This specialized membrane allows them to glide through the air, rather than truly fly like birds or bats. When launching from a high vantage point, they extend their limbs and spread the patagium, creating a parachute-like surface that generates lift and controls their descent. Their flattened tails function as a stabilizer and airfoil, aiding in steering and maneuvering during glides.
Nocturnal Habits and Diet
These squirrels are primarily nocturnal. Their large, dark eyes are specially adapted to gather more light, providing them with excellent night vision. While graceful gliders, they are less agile on the ground compared to other squirrel species. Their diet is varied, consisting of nuts, seeds, fungi, fruits, and insects. The Southern Flying Squirrel is known to also consume bird eggs, nestlings, and carrion, making it one of the more carnivorous squirrels.
Habitat and Distribution
Southern Flying Squirrel Habitat
Southern Flying Squirrels are found throughout most of Ohio’s wooded areas, particularly favoring deciduous and mixed forests. They often inhabit mature forests with an abundance of hardwood trees like oaks, hickories, maples, and poplars, which provide food and suitable nesting sites. These squirrels typically nest in tree cavities, including abandoned woodpecker holes, or construct leaf nests. They are known to aggregate in communal nests, especially during colder months, to conserve body heat.
Northern Flying Squirrel Habitat
The Northern Flying Squirrel, conversely, has a much more restricted distribution in Ohio. It is primarily found in cooler, higher-elevation forest pockets, often including coniferous and mixed coniferous forests. These specific habitats are mainly located in the northeastern part of the state. Both species utilize tree cavities for shelter and raising their young; their presence can sometimes be indicated by distinctive high-pitched chirps or squeaks at night.