Flying squirrels are found in Georgia, making them a part of the state’s nocturnal wildlife. These small, elusive mammals are adapted for life in the trees, though they are rarely seen due to their nighttime activity patterns. They possess unique characteristics that allow them to navigate the forest canopy. While they cannot truly fly like birds or bats, their gliding ability allows them to traverse significant distances through the air.
Species and Distribution in Georgia
Georgia is home to two primary species of flying squirrels: the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) and, less frequently, the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus). The Southern Flying Squirrel is the more widespread of the two, found throughout deciduous and mixed forests across the eastern half of North America, including most counties in Georgia. This species is relatively common in Georgia.
In contrast, the Northern Flying Squirrel has a more restricted distribution within Georgia, typically inhabiting higher elevation coniferous or mixed coniferous forests. While its range extends south into the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, its presence in Georgia is usually confined to the cooler, more mountainous regions of the northern part of the state. Southern flying squirrels can be identified by their reddish-brown or gray fur with cream-white stomachs, measuring 8 to 10 inches. Northern flying squirrels are larger, 10 to 12 inches long, with light brown or cinnamon fur on their upper bodies and grayish fur underneath.
The Mechanics of Gliding
Flying squirrels glide using a specialized membrane called a patagium. This furred skin membrane stretches from their wrists to their ankles, creating a parachute-like surface when extended. When a flying squirrel prepares to glide, it launches itself from a high vantage point, extending its limbs to stretch the patagium. They often bob their heads to gauge the distance to their landing spot before leaping.
During the glide, the squirrel forms an “X” shape with its limbs. Their flattened tail acts as a stabilizer and functions like a rudder, enabling them to steer and control their glide path. By adjusting their body and tail, they can alter their trajectory and maintain stability. Glides can span distances up to 150 feet or more, allowing them to efficiently move between trees without descending to the ground. Their large, dark eyes are an adaptation, providing excellent night vision for navigating in low light conditions.
Habitat and Behavior
Flying squirrels in Georgia primarily inhabit deciduous and mixed forests, preferring areas with mature trees that offer natural cavities. They often seek shelter in old woodpecker holes or other tree cavities for nesting and protection. While they are common throughout the state’s diverse forest landscapes, their nocturnal nature means they are rarely observed during the day.
These creatures are most active after dusk, foraging for a varied diet that includes nuts, seeds, fruits, fungi, and sometimes insects or bird eggs. They are known to store food, such as acorns, for winter consumption. Flying squirrels do not hibernate; instead, they often huddle together in communal nests during colder months to conserve body heat, sometimes with multiple individuals sharing a single cavity. This social behavior helps them survive periods of cold weather.