Fire ants are stinging insects that have become a widespread invasive species. Originally from South America, they pose threats to ecosystems, agriculture, and public health. Their rapid spread and painful stings make understanding their presence important. This article covers their characteristics and management.
Fire Ant Presence in Kansas
The primary species of concern is the Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta), which has been detected in Kansas. While these ants are not typically established as overwintering populations in the state due to temperature limitations, they are recognized as pests of regulatory importance.
A notable instance occurred in 1990 when a colony was discovered in Newton, Kansas, having been transported from Texas within the soil of a potted plant. This particular colony was promptly eradicated by the Kansas Department of Agriculture.
Fire ants commonly spread through human-assisted movement, often in materials like soil, hay, mulch, nursery stock, and potted plants. They can also spread naturally through mating flights where queens may travel up to several miles or by floating on water during floods.
Identifying Fire Ants and Their Mounds
Identifying fire ants involves observing the ants and their distinctive nests. Worker ants range from 1/16 to 1/4 inch, displaying a reddish-brown body with a darker, shiny abdomen.
Unlike many other ant species, fire ant workers are polymorphic, meaning individuals within a colony vary in size. When disturbed, fire ants swarm quickly from the mound, stinging repeatedly.
Their mounds are a key identifying feature, typically appearing as dome-shaped piles of loose soil without a central opening. These mounds can reach up to 18 inches high and 24 inches wide in undisturbed areas, though they may be smaller in maintained lawns.
Fire ant mounds are frequently found in open, sunny locations like pastures, lawns, and fields, and sometimes near structural foundations. In contrast, many native ant species build irregular nests with visible entrance holes or do not construct large mounds.
Responding to Fire Ant Encounters
If you encounter fire ants, move away quickly to prevent multiple stings. Fire ant stings typically cause painful, burning sensations, followed by itchy, white pustules within 24 hours.
For first aid, wash the affected area with soap and water, then apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain. Antihistamines can manage itching and minor localized reactions.
Do not pop the blisters, as this can lead to infection. Seek medical attention immediately if a severe allergic reaction occurs, indicated by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, generalized hives, or swelling of the face or throat.
Suspected fire ant infestations in Kansas should be reported to state or local agricultural and extension services, such as Kansas State University Extension. When reporting, providing details about the ants, nest location, and photographs can assist with identification.
Management of confirmed infestations often involves professional pest control services or specific bait treatments, which should be applied cautiously and according to expert advice to ensure effectiveness and safety.