Elk are present in Michigan, representing a wildlife success story for the state. Once absent, these large mammals have returned and now thrive due to dedicated conservation efforts. Their re-establishment highlights successful wildlife management.
Where Michigan’s Elk Live
Michigan’s elk primarily inhabit the northern Lower Peninsula. Their core range is the Pigeon River Country State Forest, located north of Gaylord. This expansive forest covers approximately 114,000 acres. The habitat within this region is diverse, comprising hardwood forests, conifer swamps, open clearings, and managed meadows. Elk utilize these varied environments for foraging, shelter, and breeding.
The Story of Michigan’s Elk Population
Elk were historically native to Michigan but vanished from the state around 1875, primarily due to unregulated hunting and extensive forest clear-cutting. Their disappearance marked a significant loss to Michigan’s natural heritage.
Efforts to reintroduce them began decades later. In 1918, seven Rocky Mountain elk were brought from Western states and released near Wolverine. This small founding herd gradually grew, reaching an estimated 1,500 animals by the early 1960s.
The population then experienced a decline to approximately 200 by 1975, attributed to factors such as poaching and reduced habitat quality. Through renewed conservation efforts and habitat improvements, the herd rebounded to about 850 by 1984, the same year regulated hunting resumed.
Recent aerial surveys show the population has remained robust; estimates from 2024 place the herd at around 1,146 animals. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources manages the population to maintain between 500 and 900 elk, balancing herd health with ecological and social considerations.
How to Observe and Support Michigan Elk
How to Observe Michigan Elk
To view Michigan’s elk, visit the Pigeon River Country State Forest, which features 13 designated viewing areas. The best times for observation are typically at dawn and dusk when the animals are most active. The fall breeding season, from September through October, is particularly notable as male elk, or bulls, are vocal and can be heard bugling. Late April through mid-May also offers good viewing as elk forage on new green growth.
When observing wildlife, maintain a respectful distance, avoid disturbance, and refrain from feeding the animals. Using binoculars or spotting scopes can enhance viewing without approaching too closely.
Cell service can be unreliable in parts of the elk range, so carrying a physical map is advisable.
How to Support Michigan Elk
Public support plays a role in the continued success of Michigan’s elk population. Funds generated from hunting license fees contribute to ongoing management and conservation efforts. Organizations such as the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and the Michigan Elk Country Association also contribute through habitat projects, fundraising, and educational initiatives. Purchasing specialty elk license plates also provides direct financial support for wildlife management in the state.