While Maryland is home to place names like Elkton and Elkridge, elk were absent from the state’s landscape for centuries. However, efforts to reintroduce these large mammals have changed that reality. Elk now exist in Maryland, marking a significant return for a species that once roamed the region.
A Look Back: Elk in Maryland’s History
Elk were once widespread across Maryland, inhabiting its forests and river valleys. By the 1700s, overhunting and habitat destruction led to their complete disappearance from the state.
In the 21st century, interest grew in bringing elk back to Maryland. In August 2011, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) partnered with conservation groups to study reintroduction feasibility in Western Maryland. The study assessed biological, social, and economic factors. While a May 2012 survey showed public support, local opposition in Allegany and Garrett counties, due to concerns about vehicle collisions, crop damage, and disease, led to a 2013 decision against formal reintroduction. Despite this, elk from nearby states like Pennsylvania have occasionally wandered into Maryland.
Elk Today: Where They Roam
Although a formal reintroduction program did not proceed in Maryland, a small elk population has established itself in the state. These animals are primarily found in the mountainous terrain of Western Maryland. This region provides suitable habitat with a mix of forested areas and open spaces.
Maryland’s current elk population results from natural range expansion from neighboring states, particularly Pennsylvania and West Virginia, which have established herds. These animals travel considerable distances, crossing state lines in search of resources and new territories. While specific population numbers are not widely published, their presence is confirmed, indicating a slow but organic return to parts of their historic range. Elk inhabit areas with dense forest cover and access to water sources, offering both forage and seclusion.
Ensuring Their Future and Public Engagement
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) continues to monitor the presence of elk in the state. Wildlife management strategies focus on understanding their movements, habitat use, and any potential interactions with human populations or agricultural areas. This ongoing observation helps the DNR assess the long-term viability and natural expansion of these animals within Maryland’s landscape.
For those interested in observing elk, viewing opportunities are not formally designated in Maryland. However, the best chances to spot these animals are in the remote areas of Western Maryland, particularly at dawn or dusk when elk are most active. Respecting wildlife and maintaining a safe distance is always important when attempting to view any large animal in its natural habitat. Additionally, areas like Elk Neck State Park and Elk Neck State Forest, while not primary elk habitats, offer diverse wildlife viewing and are managed for conservation and public recreation.