White-tailed deer are native and abundant throughout Florida. They are a common sight across the state’s diverse landscapes, from dense forests to suburban areas. Their presence is a significant part of Florida’s natural ecosystem.
Florida’s Native Deer
Florida is home to the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most common large herbivore in the state. Three recognized subspecies exist: the Florida coastal white-tailed deer, the Florida white-tailed deer, and the endangered Florida Key deer. The coastal subspecies is found in the panhandle and Big Bend regions, while the peninsular subspecies inhabits the rest of Florida. The Key deer, a distinct and smaller subspecies, is found only in the Florida Keys.
Florida’s white-tailed deer are smaller than their northern counterparts, an adaptation for regulating body temperature in the warmer climate. Adult males, known as bucks, weigh around 125 pounds, with some in North Florida reaching up to 190 pounds. Females, called does, average 90 to 95 pounds. These deer have a reddish-brown to grayish-brown coat, accented by a white throat, belly, and tail underside.
Bucks grow and shed antlers annually, beginning growth in spring and shedding them in late winter or early spring after breeding. Fawns are born with white spots that help them camouflage in the dappled light of the forest floor. White-tailed deer are primarily browsers, feeding on leaves, twigs, stems, flowers, acorns, and fruits. They are most active during dawn and dusk (crepuscular activity).
Where Deer Thrive in Florida
White-tailed deer are highly adaptable, inhabiting nearly all environments across Florida. Their habitats range from pine flatwoods and oak hammocks to swamps, agricultural fields, and residential areas. They thrive in areas with a mix of young, low-growing vegetation and forest edges, which provide food and cover from predators.
In southern Florida, white-tailed deer populations have adapted to the wetland conditions of the Everglades, including Water Conservation Areas and Big Cypress National Preserve. Their ability to utilize diverse food sources and adapt to various landscapes contributes to their widespread distribution.
Coexisting with Deer
Encountering deer in Florida is common, especially during dawn and dusk. Drivers should be alert during these times, paying attention to wildlife crossing signs that indicate areas where deer frequently cross roads. If a deer appears on the road, brake firmly and maintain control of the vehicle rather than swerving, as swerving can lead to more dangerous accidents.
When deer are in residential areas, observe them from a distance and avoid feeding them. Feeding alters their natural behaviors, leads to dependency, and increases disease spread among deer populations. To deter deer from gardens, plant deer-resistant species or use motion-activated sprinklers. Fences at least 8 feet high can also prevent deer from entering yards.
If an injured deer is encountered, do not approach it, as wild animals can be unpredictable. Instead, contact local wildlife authorities like the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Maintaining a safe distance contributes to the well-being of both people and deer.