In Louisiana, the large, ancient reptiles inhabiting its extensive wetlands are American alligators, not true crocodiles. The state boasts a thriving alligator population, with over 2 million wild alligators and an additional 1 million raised on farms, making it home to the largest wild alligator numbers in the United States.
Alligators, Not Crocodiles
While often confused, American alligators and true crocodiles exhibit distinct differences in physical characteristics and habitat preferences. Alligators possess a broad, U-shaped snout, while crocodiles have a narrower, more V-shaped snout. When an alligator’s mouth is closed, its lower teeth are typically hidden within its upper jaw. In contrast, the fourth tooth on each side of a crocodile’s lower jaw remains visible, fitting into a notch on the upper jaw.
Habitat also differentiates these reptiles. American alligators are predominantly found in freshwater environments like swamps, lakes, and rivers, due to their limited ability to excrete excess salt. Crocodiles, however, possess specialized salt glands, allowing them to thrive in both freshwater and saltwater habitats. The American alligator’s native range extends across the southeastern United States, from central Texas eastward to North Carolina, including Louisiana. True crocodiles have a broader global distribution, inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions across Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, with the American crocodile primarily found in South Florida and the Caribbean. Alligators also demonstrate a greater tolerance for cooler climates, capable of entering a state of brumation, an adaptation not shared by crocodiles.
Where Alligators Live in Louisiana
American alligators are widely distributed throughout Louisiana, particularly in the state’s vast network of coastal marshes, cypress-tupelo swamps, bayous, rivers, and lakes. These freshwater and brackish environments provide ideal conditions for their survival and reproduction. Coastal marshes alone comprise over 3 million acres of alligator habitat, followed by substantial areas of swamp and lake habitats.
Alligators can be observed across much of the state, with higher concentrations typically found in the southern parishes. Prominent locations for alligator sightings include the expansive Atchafalaya Basin, Lake Martin, the Salvador Wildlife Management Area, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, and the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge. Even roadside canals, especially in the southern part of the state, may host alligators.
Living Safely with Alligators
Coexisting with alligators requires adherence to specific safety guidelines to minimize potential conflicts. Never feed alligators; this causes them to lose their natural fear of humans and associate people with food. Keep pets on leashes and away from the water’s edge, as alligators can mistake them for prey. Maintain a safe distance (at least 50 feet) from alligators.
Avoid swimming at night, dusk, or dawn, as alligators are most active then. Avoid swimming near dense shoreline vegetation, which can provide cover for alligators. Children should always be closely supervised when playing near any body of water in alligator habitats. Harassing, molesting, or attempting to move an alligator is prohibited by state law and can be dangerous.
If an alligator approaches, back away slowly and in a straight line, rather than running in a zig-zag pattern. If attacked, fight back aggressively by targeting sensitive areas like the eyes and snout; playing dead is not advisable. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) manages a Nuisance Alligator Program for alligators that pose a threat or have lost their fear of humans. Contact your local LDWF office if you encounter a nuisance alligator; they will connect you with a licensed hunter. Alligators smaller than 4 feet are typically not considered a nuisance unless they exhibit aggressive behavior.