The American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is present in the area near Key West. These large reptiles are a natural part of the subtropical ecosystem of the Florida Keys, primarily inhabiting coastal waters. Their presence in the Lower Keys signifies a successful conservation effort. While they share the environment with humans, they are generally shy. Understanding their habitat and behavior is important for safe coexistence in this unique part of Florida.
The American Crocodile’s Presence in the Lower Keys
The American Crocodile is the only crocodile species found in the United States, limited to the southernmost tip of Florida and the Keys. This species is adapted to thrive in brackish and saltwater habitats, such as coastal lagoons, tidal creeks, and the dense mangrove swamps common throughout the island chain. The Florida crocodile population is considered a conservation success, recovering from a few hundred in the 1970s to an estimated 2,000 adults today. This recovery led to the species being reclassified as “threatened.”
These reptiles are most commonly found in the more secluded, less developed portions of the Lower Keys, from Key Largo down to Key West. They are less frequently encountered in the highly developed tourist center of Key West than in the surrounding islands. Crocodiles use these coastal environments for hunting fish, crabs, and turtles, while mangrove roots provide shelter and nesting sites.
The American Crocodile exists at the northernmost extreme of its range, which extends throughout the Caribbean and down to South America. Their numbers were significantly depleted due to hunting and habitat loss until protection measures were enacted. Today, seeing a crocodile in a canal or basking on a mudflat is common outside of the islands’ busiest sections.
How Crocodiles Differ from Alligators
The American Crocodile is often confused with the American Alligator, but the two species have distinct physical characteristics and habitat preferences. The most noticeable difference is the shape of the snout. The crocodile has a narrower, more pointed, V-shaped snout, while the alligator possesses a broader, rounded, U-shaped one.
Another identifying feature is the visibility of the teeth when the mouth is closed. In the crocodile, the fourth tooth on the lower jaw remains exposed, fitting into a notch on the outside of the upper jaw. The alligator’s upper jaw is wider, concealing all of the lower teeth when its mouth is shut.
Regarding coloration, the American Crocodile is generally a lighter grayish-green or brownish-gray, helping it blend into the saltwater environment. The American Alligator is typically darker, often appearing black. While alligators prefer freshwater habitats, the crocodile’s specialized salt glands allow it to tolerate and prefer the high-salinity environment of the Keys.
Guidelines for Safe Coexistence
Safe coexistence with American Crocodiles relies on human caution and adherence to wildlife protocols. These animals are naturally shy and reclusive, typically avoiding human interaction unless they have been habituated through feeding. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) notes that conflicts are rare.
The most important rule is never to feed a crocodile. This is illegal and causes the animal to lose its natural wariness, associating humans with an easy meal. Habituation is the primary cause of conflict and may require the crocodile’s removal. Disposing of fish scraps and bait properly, rather than discarding them into the water, helps avoid attracting the reptiles.
People should maintain a safe distance, keeping at least 30 feet away, and should never approach them for photos or interaction. When recreating, swim only in designated areas and strictly during daylight hours, as crocodiles are most active between dusk and dawn. Crocodiles often bask with their mouths open, a process called gaping, which regulates body temperature.
Pet owners must keep animals on a leash and away from the water’s edge, as pets can resemble the crocodile’s natural prey. If a crocodile appears to pose a direct threat to people, pets, or property, residents should contact the FWC’s Nuisance Crocodile Hotline for professional assessment.