Coyotes, adaptable members of the canine family (Canis latrans), are widely present across South Carolina. They have become an established part of the state’s wildlife. Understanding their presence and behaviors provides insight into their interaction with the environment and human communities.
Coyote Presence Across South Carolina
Coyotes began migrating eastward across North America during the 20th century, extending their range from the western United States. They first appeared in upstate South Carolina around 1978, with populations established in Pickens and Oconee counties through natural immigration. By the 1990s, coyotes were common throughout the state.
They are now found in all 46 counties of South Carolina. Their ability to thrive in diverse environments, including mountainous regions, swamps, forests, agricultural, and suburban areas, contributed to their rapid expansion.
Characteristics and Habits of Coyotes
Coyotes resemble small shepherd-type dogs, standing 23 to 26 inches at the shoulder and weighing 30 to 45 pounds. Their fur coloration varies, from grizzled grayish-brown to light tan, reddish-tan, or almost black. They possess a slim muzzle, erect pointed ears, and a bushy tail that often droops.
Coyotes are opportunistic feeders, meaning their diet is flexible and depends on what is available. In South Carolina, their diet primarily includes small mammals like rabbits and rodents, fruits, berries, and insects. They also consume carrion and may prey on deer fawns or adult deer with health issues.
Coyotes are primarily nocturnal, though they can be observed during daylight hours. They often hunt alone or in pairs. Coyotes are known for vocalizations like barks, growls, yips, and howls, used for communication.
Strategies for Coexistence
Minimizing conflicts with coyotes begins by securing food sources around homes. Ensure trash cans are securely closed and avoid leaving pet food outdoors. Bird feeders can also attract coyotes by luring small animals, so consider removing them.
Protect pets by keeping them indoors, especially at night, and supervising them closely outdoors to prevent negative encounters. If pets must be outside, secure fencing at least five feet tall and eight inches underground can deter coyotes, as they climb and dig. Coyote rollers on fences can also prevent climbing.
Hazing helps maintain a coyote’s natural avoidance of humans. If a coyote is seen, make yourself appear large, yell, and wave arms to encourage it to leave. Use noisemakers like whistles or air horns, or throw small objects towards the coyote (not at it). Continue hazing until the coyote completely leaves the area, and never run from a coyote.
If a coyote lacks fear or exhibits aggressive behavior, such as agitated barking or lunging, report it to local wildlife authorities. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) encourages residents to contact them for guidance.