Coyotes are common throughout Missouri, found in both rural and urban areas. Understanding their presence and habits is a beneficial step towards safe coexistence.
Coyote Presence and Habitat in Missouri
Coyotes are a ubiquitous species in Missouri, inhabiting all 114 counties. Their adaptability allows them to thrive in diverse environments, from Ozark forests and crop fields to suburban developments and major metropolitan areas like Kansas City, Springfield, and St. Louis.
The historical presence of coyotes in Missouri dates back to at least the early 19th century, when they expanded their range from the western United States. Their populations have continued to expand and adapt, with experts estimating a doubling of coyote populations in Missouri in 2021. This success is attributed to their flexible diet, efficient hunting, and keen senses.
Understanding Coyote Behavior
Coyotes in Missouri typically weigh 18 to 30 pounds, with males slightly heavier. Their fur is usually light gray or dull yellow, often with black-tipped hairs, and their legs, ears, and muzzle may have reddish tones. They have erect, pointed ears, a slender muzzle, and a bushy tail, resembling a small collie dog.
Coyotes are opportunistic omnivores, with a diverse diet. Their primary food sources include small mammals like mice and rabbits. They also consume insects, fruits, and carrion, playing a role in cleaning up the environment. While primarily active during dusk and dawn, coyotes can be seen at any time of day, particularly in urban areas where they may become more nocturnal. They can live alone, in pairs, or in small family groups, often forming monogamous bonds.
Coexisting Safely with Coyotes
Living alongside coyotes requires minimizing attractants and understanding appropriate responses. Secure trash in robust containers and remove outdoor pet food to eliminate easy food sources. Supervise pets outdoors, especially small dogs and cats, as coyotes may view them as potential prey or threats. Clearing dense brush around homes also reduces hiding spots for coyotes and their prey.
If a coyote becomes too comfortable or approaches, “hazing” techniques can help restore their natural wariness of humans. This involves making yourself appear large by waving your arms, shouting loudly, or using noisemakers like whistles or air horns. Continue hazing until the coyote leaves the area completely, even if they initially run a short distance and stop. Avoid running from a coyote, as this can trigger a chase response.
Coyotes generally prefer to avoid human contact, and conflicts often arise when they become accustomed to human-provided food. If a coyote displays unusual aggression, appears sick, or is injured, contact local wildlife authorities like the Missouri Department of Conservation. They can provide guidance or intervention for specific situations.