Coyotes (Canis latrans) have successfully expanded their geographic range across the continent, and Delaware is no exception to this ecological shift. Understanding the presence of this adaptable predator is necessary for appreciating the state’s evolving wildlife landscape. Coyotes definitively inhabit Delaware and are now considered a naturalized part of the ecosystem. Learning how to coexist with this species, which thrives in varied environments, has become an important consideration statewide.
The Confirmed Presence of Coyotes
Coyotes are not native to the Delmarva Peninsula. They are a non-native species that migrated naturally into the region over several decades. Their eastward expansion from the Great Plains led them across the Appalachian Mountains and into the Mid-Atlantic states, likely entering Delaware from Pennsylvania and Maryland. Delaware was the 49th state to confirm a coyote population, marking a significant milestone.
The first official documentation occurred in 1994, with a sighting reported in the Prime Hook area of Sussex County. Since then, the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) has monitored the steady establishment of the population. Although the population remains relatively low compared to surrounding states, coyotes are now established residents, not just transient visitors. Wildlife biologists track their numbers and distribution using harvest data, trail camera photographs, and public sighting reports.
Habitat and Geographic Distribution
Coyotes are highly adaptable, colonizing habitats throughout the state, from dense forests to suburban edges. Despite Delaware’s unique geography as a peninsula, the species has been documented successfully in all three counties. Early sightings were frequently reported in the northern part of the state, particularly in New Castle County near the Pennsylvania border.
The distribution is now widespread, extending through Kent County’s agricultural lands and into Sussex County. Coyotes prefer fragmented landscapes that offer a mix of cover and open spaces, such as where forests meet agricultural fields. This preference explains why they are often found near suburban developments where residential properties abut wooded areas. They are particularly drawn to areas with abundant deer populations and forest edges, which provide both prey and shelter.
Guidelines for Safe Coexistence
Minimizing conflicts with coyotes depends on managing attractants around residential properties, as these animals are opportunistic foragers. Residents must never intentionally feed coyotes and should eliminate unintentional food sources that draw the animals closer to human activity.
Eliminating Attractants
Securing all garbage containers with tight-fitting, locking lids is a primary preventative step. Containers should only be placed outside on the morning of collection. Other outdoor food sources must be removed, including:
- Pet food
- Fallen fruit
- Birdseed (which attracts rodents and birds that coyotes prey upon)
- Compost piles (which should be secured or moved indoors)
Eliminating standing water sources, such as pet bowls or bird baths, can also discourage coyotes from lingering near homes.
Protecting Pets
Protecting pets requires vigilance, especially for small dogs and cats, which coyotes may perceive as potential prey or competitors in their territory. Pets should never be left unsupervised outdoors, particularly during dawn and dusk when coyotes are most active. Small dogs should be kept on a leash no longer than six feet when walking outside.
Using Hazing Techniques
If a coyote is sighted near a home, residents should employ “hazing” techniques to reinforce the animal’s natural fear of humans. Hazing involves using loud, startling deterrents, such as shouting, waving arms, blowing a whistle, or throwing small objects toward the animal. This action teaches the coyote that approaching residential areas is an unpleasant experience, reducing the likelihood of future close encounters. DNREC recommends that any coyote exhibiting unusual boldness or aggressive behavior should be immediately reported to the Division of Fish and Wildlife for investigation.