The Texas coral snake (Micrurus tener) is found across various regions of the state. While they possess potent venom, these snakes are generally reclusive and prefer to avoid human interaction. Their secretive nature means encounters are infrequent.
Identifying Texas Coral Snakes
The Texas coral snake is identified by its distinct banding pattern. It displays broad rings of red and black, separated by narrow yellow bands that completely encircle its body. The mnemonic “red touch yellow, kill a fellow” indicates that the red bands are always directly adjacent to the yellow bands. The head of the Texas coral snake is typically black, lacking a prominent neck, and its eyes have round pupils.
It is important to differentiate the Texas coral snake from several non-venomous mimics, such as kingsnakes or milk snakes. These harmless species may also exhibit red, black, and yellow coloration, but their banding pattern differs. In mimics, the red bands are typically bordered by black bands, following the mnemonic “red touch black, venom lack.” While this rhyme is a helpful guide for distinguishing North American species, variations in coloration can occur.
Understanding Coral Snake Venom
The venom of the Texas coral snake is primarily neurotoxic, meaning it affects the nervous system. This type of venom can disrupt nerve signals, potentially leading to paralysis. Unlike bites from pit vipers, which often cause immediate pain and swelling, symptoms from a coral snake bite can be delayed for several hours, sometimes up to 12 hours.
Once symptoms appear, they can progress rapidly. Common signs include paresthesias, often described as a tingling or “pins and needles” sensation, muscle weakness, difficulty speaking or swallowing, and drooping eyelids. In severe cases, respiratory paralysis can occur, which is a life-threatening complication. Bites from Texas coral snakes are relatively rare, and most incidents occur when individuals attempt to handle or provoke the snake.
Habitat and Behavior
Texas coral snakes inhabit a variety of environments across the state, including mixed pine and hardwood forests, subtropical thorn scrub, and sandy grasslands. They prefer areas with soft soil and organic matter, frequently seeking refuge under leaf litter, logs, or within burrows. Their fossorial nature means they spend a significant portion of their lives underground.
These snakes are typically secretive and primarily nocturnal. They are most often observed on the surface after heavy rains or when nighttime temperatures rise above 78°F (26°C). Texas coral snakes are not aggressive; their primary defense mechanism is to escape. Their diet consists mainly of other snakes, including earth snakes, and small lizards like skinks.
Safety and Encounter Protocol
Encountering a Texas coral snake in its natural habitat requires a cautious approach. Observe the snake from a distance and allow it to move away undisturbed. Do not attempt to approach, handle, or provoke the snake.
If a bite occurs, immediate medical attention is necessary. Call 911 or emergency services without delay, and contact a poison control center for guidance. While awaiting medical help, remain calm and move away from the snake. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing from the bitten limb to accommodate potential swelling. The bitten area should be kept at or below heart level, and the wound can be gently washed with soap and water.
Avoid outdated or ineffective first aid measures, such as cutting the wound, attempting to suck out venom, applying a tourniquet, or using ice or alcohol on the bite site, as these can cause further harm. If possible and safe, take a photo of the snake for identification by medical professionals, but do not risk further bites.