Copperheads are found in New York State. The northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) is one of three venomous snake species native to the state, alongside the timber rattlesnake and eastern massasauga. Though venomous, copperheads are generally shy and not aggressive, typically biting only when threatened or accidentally disturbed.
Where Copperheads Live in New York
Copperheads are primarily found in the southeastern part of New York, with their most common presence in the lower Hudson Valley, south of Kingston. Scattered populations also exist within the Catskills, Capital Region, and occasionally in the Adirondacks. They prefer habitats offering cover, thermoregulation, and prey. They can also be found in wood piles, sawdust piles, under logs, or abandoned buildings, using their camouflage effectively. While they can be found in rural areas, they generally avoid towns and cities.
How to Identify a Copperhead
These snakes have a broad, unmarked, copper-colored head that is noticeably wider than their neck. Their bodies are typically reddish-brown or tan, featuring a series of dark, hourglass-shaped crossbands along their length. These bands are narrower along the spine and wider on the sides, resembling “Hershey’s Kisses” when viewed from above. Copperheads possess vertical, slit-like pupils, similar to a cat’s eye, and have heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils. These pits help them detect warm-blooded prey. Adults typically measure between 24 and 37 inches in length. Young copperheads are distinguished by a bright yellow or green tip on their tail, which fades as they mature.
Encountering a Copperhead: Safety and Response
Copperheads are known for their tendency to “freeze” when they sense danger rather than slithering away, relying on their camouflage to remain undetected. This behavior can lead to accidental encounters, such as unknowingly stepping on them. If you encounter a copperhead, remain calm and maintain a safe distance, typically six feet or more. Do not provoke the snake, attempt to handle it, or try to kill it, as most bites occur when people try to interact with them. Allow the snake ample space to retreat on its own.
If a bite occurs, seek immediate medical attention by calling 911 or your local emergency number. While waiting for medical help, try to remain still and calm to help slow the spread of venom. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing from the bitten area, as swelling is likely. Gently wash the wound with soap and water if possible, and keep the bitten area at or below heart level. Do not apply a tourniquet, cut the wound, attempt to suck out the venom, or apply ice, as these actions can cause further harm.
Snakes Often Mistaken for Copperheads
Several non-venomous snakes in New York are often confused with copperheads due to similar coloring or patterns. The Eastern Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) is a common look-alike, often featuring reddish-brown blotches outlined in black against a lighter body. Unlike copperheads, milk snakes have round pupils, a narrower head, and a distinctive black and white checkered belly. They may also vibrate their tails when agitated, mimicking a rattlesnake.
Northern Water Snakes (Nerodia sipedon) are another species often misidentified as copperheads. These snakes are typically brown or dark brown with faint banding, more pronounced in younger individuals. They have round pupils and lack the broad, triangular head shape of venomous snakes. Unlike the hourglass pattern of copperheads, the Northern Water Snake’s dark blotches are often narrower on the sides and wider towards the backbone. Garter snakes, though generally smaller and striped, are also sometimes confused due to variable patterns.