Copperhead snakes are not found in California. These venomous snakes are native to the central and eastern regions of the United States.
Copperheads and Their Range
Copperhead snakes primarily inhabit the eastern and central United States, from southern New England to eastern Texas and west to Nebraska. They are adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats, including rocky, forested hillsides, wetlands, and even suburban areas. Copperheads are pit vipers, characterized by their hourglass-shaped patterns on a reddish-brown or gray background and a distinct, unmarked copper-colored head.
California’s Venomous Snakes
California is home to a diverse array of snake species, but the only native venomous snakes are rattlesnakes. Seven species of rattlesnakes are found across various elevations in California. The Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) is the most widespread, inhabiting areas from the northern part of the state down to Santa Barbara County and from sea level up to 7,000 feet. Other species include the Mojave Rattlesnake, Red Diamond Rattlesnake, and Sidewinder, each with specific regional distributions across the state.
Identifying Snakes
Rattlesnakes in California possess several distinguishing features. They have a triangular-shaped head, noticeably wider than their neck, and most have a rattle at the end of their tail. Their scales are often keeled, giving them a rough texture, and their patterns are usually mottled in earthy tones, providing effective camouflage. While the rattle is a clear indicator, it can be absent in newborns or broken off in older snakes, so its absence does not guarantee a snake is non-venomous. Non-venomous snakes like gopher snakes can mimic rattlesnakes by flattening their heads or shaking their tails, but they lack a true rattle.
Snake Safety
Encountering any snake requires caution and maintaining a safe distance. Most rattlesnake bites occur when people attempt to handle, harass, or kill a snake.
When hiking, stay on established trails, wear protective footwear, and avoid placing hands or feet in areas where you cannot see, such as rock crevices or dense brush. If you encounter a rattlesnake, remain calm and give it a wide berth, typically at least six feet, allowing it to move away on its own.
If a bite occurs, it is important to stay calm, wash the bite area gently with soap and water, remove any constricting items like rings, and seek immediate medical attention by calling 911. Avoid applying ice, tourniquets, or attempting to cut or suck out the venom.