Chiggers are present in Virginia and are a common cause of intensely itchy skin reactions for individuals spending time outdoors. These tiny organisms are the larval stage of certain mites.
Understanding Chiggers
Chiggers are the larval form of mites belonging to the Trombiculidae family, closely related to spiders and ticks. These microscopic creatures are typically orange-red and nearly invisible to the naked eye. Only this six-legged larval stage is parasitic to humans and animals.
Contrary to common belief, chiggers do not burrow into the skin or feed on blood. Instead, they attach to the skin, often at hair follicles or pores, and inject digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down skin cells, which the chigger then consumes as liquefied tissue. The severe itching associated with chigger bites results from the body’s immune response to these injected enzymes.
Where Chiggers Live in Virginia
Chiggers thrive in Virginia’s warm, humid environments, especially from late spring through early autumn. They are most active when ground temperatures are between 77 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit, becoming less active below 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
These mites prefer moist, shady areas with dense vegetation. Common habitats include tall grasses, wooded areas, berry patches, and along the edges of forests or fields. They can also be found in residential landscapes, particularly in overgrown sections of lawns or near lakes and streams. While chiggers can be found across Virginia, they tend to be more prevalent in the southeastern parts of the state.
How to Avoid Chigger Bites
Preventing chigger bites involves several steps when spending time outdoors where these mites may be present. Wearing protective clothing, including long-sleeved shirts and long pants with pant legs tucked into socks or boots, is effective. Light-colored clothing also makes it easier to spot chiggers.
Applying insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin to exposed skin deters chiggers. For added protection, clothing can be treated with permethrin, an insecticide that kills chiggers on contact. When hiking or walking, staying on cleared trails and avoiding direct contact with dense vegetation, tall grasses, or brush reduces exposure. After returning indoors, promptly shower with soap and water, scrubbing the skin to remove any attached chiggers. Additionally, wash all outdoor clothing in hot, soapy water to eliminate any remaining mites.
What to Do After a Chigger Bite
If chigger bites occur, take a bath or shower as soon as possible and thoroughly scrub the affected skin with soap and water to dislodge any remaining chiggers. Chiggers do not burrow into the skin and can be washed off. After showering, apply over-the-counter anti-itch creams or ointments to the bites. Products containing ingredients such as calamine lotion, hydrocortisone, menthol, or camphor can provide relief from the intense itching.
Oral antihistamines can also help reduce itching and inflammation. Applying a cold compress to the affected areas may soothe irritation and reduce swelling. While chigger bites are typically not dangerous and do not transmit diseases, avoid scratching them excessively. Scratching can break the skin, potentially leading to secondary bacterial infections that may require medical attention. If symptoms worsen, the bites appear infected, or over-the-counter remedies do not provide relief, consult a healthcare provider.