These tiny mites, often invisible to the naked eye, are known for their irritating bites that can cause significant discomfort.
Chigger Basics
Chiggers are not insects; they are a type of mite, closely related to spiders and ticks. They are often referred to as “red bugs” due to their reddish-orange color, though they are extremely small, typically less than 0.3 millimeters long. Only the larval stage of the chigger bites humans and animals.
These larval mites do not burrow into the skin or feed on blood, contrary to common misconceptions. Instead, they attach to the skin and inject digestive enzymes that break down skin cells. The chigger then feeds on these liquefied tissues, and once engorged, it detaches from the host, usually within a few days.
Where Chiggers Are Found
Chiggers are found in Pennsylvania, though they are more prevalent in warmer, humid regions. They thrive in outdoor areas with high humidity and warmth, particularly during late spring, summer, and early fall when temperatures are suitable. Chiggers become inactive below 60°F and cannot survive below 42°F.
These mites commonly inhabit grassy areas, tall weeds, forests, and damp natural environments like those near streams or lakes. They can also be found in overgrown lawns, gardens, and berry patches. Chiggers tend to cluster on vegetation, typically less than a foot off the ground, waiting for a host to pass by.
Identifying a Chigger Bite
Chigger bites often appear as small, red, itchy bumps, sometimes resembling pimples, blisters, or hives. The itching begins several hours after exposure, often between 3 to 6 hours, and can last for several days or up to two weeks. The bites can also cause skin discoloration and inflammation.
These bites commonly occur in clusters, particularly in areas where clothing fits tightly, such as around the ankles, waist, armpits, behind the knees, or in skin folds. The intense itching leads to scratching, which can sometimes remove the mite but may also break the skin, potentially leading to secondary infections.
Preventing and Managing Bites
Preventing chigger bites involves creating barriers and using repellents in outdoor areas. Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks or boots, can help create a physical barrier. Treating clothing with permethrin-based repellents is also effective, while DEET-based repellents can be applied to exposed skin. Avoiding walking through tall grass, dense brush, or overgrown areas can further reduce exposure.
If you suspect exposure to chiggers, showering with soap and water immediately after outdoor activities can help remove any mites before they attach or feed. For managing bites, over-the-counter anti-itch creams like calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream can alleviate discomfort. Oral antihistamines can also help reduce itching and inflammation. Avoiding scratching is important to prevent skin damage and potential bacterial infections. If bites show signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, pus, or fever, medical attention should be sought.