Chiggers, tiny mites, are present in various parts of New York State. Knowing their habitats, how to identify their bites, and effective prevention and relief strategies can help you enjoy the outdoors.
Chigger Presence and Habitat in New York
Chiggers are not insects but are a type of mite, closely related to spiders and ticks. Only the larval stage of the chigger, which is nearly microscopic, feeds on humans and animals. These larvae are typically orange, yellow, or red and measure less than 1/150th of an inch, making them difficult to see with the naked eye.
In New York, chiggers thrive in warm, humid environments, especially in overgrown areas, tall grass, wooded sections, and along the edges of forests. They are also found near lakes, streams, and even in residential lawns. While common in many parts of the state, including some urban parks, what are often mistaken for chigger bites on Long Island are frequently identified as bites from lone star tick larvae.
Chiggers are most active from late spring through early fall, with peak activity during the summer months. Their ideal ground temperature range is between 77°F and 86°F. Chigger activity significantly decreases when temperatures drop below 60°F, and they typically die when temperatures fall below 42°F, which means the first frost usually marks the end of their season.
Identifying Chigger Bites
Chigger bites cause intense itching. This itching often begins several hours after exposure, typically within three to six hours, and can persist for several days or even up to two weeks. The delay in symptoms can make it difficult to pinpoint when and where the bites occurred.
The bites commonly appear as small, red bumps that may resemble pimples, blisters, or hives. These bumps are often clustered together and are frequently found in areas where clothing fits tightly against the skin, such as around the ankles, waistline, behind the knees, and in the groin or armpits. The skin’s reaction is due to the chigger’s feeding process rather than a direct bite.
Chiggers do not burrow into the skin, contrary to a common misconception. Instead, the larval chigger attaches to the skin and injects digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down skin cells, creating a straw-like feeding tube called a stylostome, through which the chigger consumes the dissolved tissue. The intense itching is primarily an allergic reaction to the chigger’s saliva and the presence of the stylostome.
Prevention and Relief Strategies
To prevent chigger bites, wear protective clothing when in areas where chiggers may be present. Long-sleeved shirts and long pants, tucked into socks or boots, can create a physical barrier against these mites. Loose-fitting clothing may also reduce areas where chiggers prefer to attach.
Applying insect repellents containing DEET to exposed skin and clothing can effectively deter chiggers. Permethrin-based repellents can also be applied to clothing and gear, providing an additional layer of protection. Avoid walking through tall grass, dense brush, or overgrown fields, sticking to well-maintained paths instead.
After spending time outdoors in chigger-prone areas, take a hot, soapy shower as soon as possible. Scrubbing the skin with soap and a washcloth can help dislodge any unattached chiggers. Washing clothes in hot water immediately after exposure can also remove any lingering mites.
For relief from chigger bite symptoms, over-the-counter anti-itch creams, such as those containing hydrocortisone or calamine lotion, alleviate itching. Oral antihistamines can also reduce the allergic reaction and itchiness. Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the affected areas provide temporary relief by numbing the skin and reducing inflammation.