Centipedes are present in Hawaii. While some species found on the islands are generally harmless, one particular type, the Hawaiian giant centipede, is known for its painful bite. Understanding these creatures and how to respond if a bite occurs can help ensure a safer experience in the islands.
Centipedes in Hawaii
Hawaii is home to several species of centipedes, but the most notable and clinically significant is the Scolopendra subspinipes, often referred to as the Hawaiian giant centipede, or Vietnamese centipede. This species typically ranges from 6 to 9 inches in length, though some individuals can reach up to 12 inches. These centipedes are characterized by their reddish-brown bodies, which consist of 22 segments, each bearing a pair of legs.
Hawaiian giant centipedes are nocturnal predators, hunting other insects and arthropods. During daylight hours, they seek refuge in dark, moist environments, commonly found under rocks, leaf litter, logs, or other debris. Their preference for such hiding spots means they can sometimes be found in unexpected places, including shoes, clothing, or bedding.
Understanding Centipede Bites
A bite from the Hawaiian giant centipede can be painful due to the venom injected through specialized appendages near its head called forcipules. Immediately following a bite, individuals typically experience intense, burning pain, accompanied by localized swelling and redness at the site. Other common symptoms include numbness or tingling.
While the bite is undeniably painful, the venom of Scolopendra subspinipes is generally not life-threatening to humans. Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously within a few days to a week, although in some cases, discomfort and swelling may persist for up to three weeks. Severe systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis or heart-related issues, are very rare. Tissue necrosis (localized tissue death) may occur at the bite site.
Safety and Prevention Measures
If bitten by a centipede, immediate first aid measures can help manage the symptoms. Cleaning the wound with soap and water is important to prevent infection. Applying heat to the bite as soon as possible, such as running the skin under hot water or using a hot compress, can help denature some venom proteins and reduce pain. Following initial heat application, an ice pack can be used to reduce swelling and discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers and antihistamines can also assist in managing pain and any allergic reactions.
Medical attention should be sought if symptoms are severe, if there are signs of an allergic reaction like widespread rash or difficulty breathing, or if the bite area shows signs of infection such as increased redness, warmth, or pus. To minimize the chance of encounters, it is advisable to shake out shoes, clothing, and towels before use, especially if left on the floor or outdoors. Sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, windows, and doors can help prevent centipedes from entering homes. Reducing moisture levels inside and around the home by fixing leaky pipes and using dehumidifiers can make the environment less appealing to these creatures. Removing clutter like leaf piles, rocks, and wood from around the house eliminates potential hiding spots.