Centipedes are present in Colorado, despite often being associated with warmer, more humid climates. These predatory arthropods belong to the class Chilopoda and are characterized by their elongated, segmented bodies. Each body segment typically bears a single pair of legs, giving them their common name. Centipedes are nocturnal hunters that rely on speed and venom to capture prey, primarily insects and small invertebrates.
Confirming Centipede Presence in Colorado
Colorado is home to approximately 25 species of centipedes found across various environments. Their presence is concentrated in areas offering moisture and shelter, preventing them from drying out. This makes them more common in lower-elevation, arid, and southern regions, including the eastern plains and the Arkansas Valley.
Centipedes are typically encountered outdoors hiding under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and other debris. They seek out these dark, damp locations because they are sensitive to sunlight and dry conditions. When outdoor conditions become too dry or cold, some species may seek refuge inside homes, particularly in damp basements, crawl spaces, or bathrooms.
Identifying Colorado Centipede Species
The most frequently encountered species is the House Centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata), an introduced species adapted to living indoors. This centipede has a yellowish-gray body marked with three dark stripes running along its back. Its most striking feature is its 15 pairs of long, delicate legs, which enable it to move rapidly across floors and walls.
Another notable group is the Stone Centipedes, such as the Brown Centipede (Lithobius forficatus), which is small, dark reddish-brown, and found primarily outside in gardens and compost. The largest centipedes are the Scolopendra types, including the Common Desert Centipede (Scolopendra polymorpha), which can reach lengths up to 5 inches. This species is found in the plains of eastern Colorado and the western slope at lower elevations, often displaying variable coloration.
The Giant Redheaded Centipede (Scolopendra heros) potentially reaches 7 inches. This species is rarely documented but has been confirmed in the southeastern counties of the state.
Understanding the Bite and Safety
Centipedes use modified front legs called forcipules to deliver venom to their prey and defend themselves. For the majority of Colorado species, a defensive bite to a human is not medically serious. The experience is often compared to a painful sting from a bee or wasp, causing localized pain, redness, and swelling at the wound site.
Larger species, such as the Scolopendra desert centipedes, possess more potent venom and can inflict a more painful bite. Centipedes only bite when they are directly handled, crushed, or feel trapped against the skin.
Basic first aid involves cleaning the wound with soap and water, applying a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain, and using an antiseptic. While allergic reactions are rare, medical attention should be sought immediately if symptoms progress beyond localized discomfort, such as body-wide swelling, nausea, or difficulty breathing.