The Northern Cardinal is a common and easily recognized bird species found throughout South Carolina. These birds are one of the most frequently observed species in backyards and natural areas. They are a beloved fixture of the local avifauna, often serving as a gateway bird for new enthusiasts due to their prominent color and visibility. Their presence is year-round.
Statewide Presence and Year-Round Residency
The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a permanent, non-migratory resident across all of South Carolina. This means they do not fly south for the winter. They remain in the same territory year-round, including the Piedmont, the Midlands, and the coastal regions. Their ability to thrive in varied environments makes them one of the most widespread species in the state. They are commonly found in dense shrubby areas, forest edges, city parks, and suburban backyards, often attracted to bird feeders stocked with sunflower seeds.
Distinguishing Features of the Northern Cardinal
Identification of the Northern Cardinal is straightforward due to its pronounced sexual dimorphism. The male is almost entirely brilliant red, a shade derived from carotenoid pigments obtained through its diet of wild fruits and seeds. This striking red plumage is accented by a black mask that surrounds its bright, cone-shaped, orange-red bill. Males are slightly larger than females, measuring up to about nine inches in length.
The female cardinal presents a more subdued appearance, consisting primarily of pale brown or light greenish-brown coloration. Her wings, tail, and prominent crest feature warm reddish highlights. Both sexes possess a distinctive crest of feathers and share the stout, orange-red bill. Cardinals also have a recognizable, loud, whistled song often described as sounding like “whoit whoit whoit” or “whacheer whacheer,” which both males and females use to communicate.
Cardinal Visibility and the South Carolina State Bird
The high visibility and popularity of the Northern Cardinal often lead to the misconception that it is the official bird of South Carolina. The cardinal is actually the state bird of seven other U.S. states. In South Carolina, the official state bird is the Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), adopted in 1948. The wren is a small, energetic bird known for its loud, rolling song, distinctive white eyebrow stripe, and upright tail posture.
Despite not holding the official state title, the Northern Cardinal remains one of the most cherished and easily spotted birds in South Carolina, frequently visiting backyard feeders. Its non-migratory nature and vibrant color ensure it is a welcome presence throughout all seasons. The cardinal is a widely recognized symbol of the state’s natural beauty.