Camel spiders are fascinating arachnids that frequently spark questions about their presence, particularly in regions like California. Despite their common name, they are not true spiders or scorpions, but a distinct order of arachnids.
Understanding Camel Spiders
Camel spiders are classified under the order Solifugae, distinguishing them from true spiders (Araneae) and scorpions (Scorpiones). They possess two primary body segments, similar to spiders, but lack the narrow connecting pedicel. A striking feature is their disproportionately large, powerful jaws, known as chelicerae, which can be up to one-third of their body length and are used to grasp and tear prey.
While appearing to have ten legs, camel spiders have eight walking legs. Their two front leg-like appendages are pedipalps, functioning as sensory organs for navigation and prey detection. Their bodies are are covered in fine hairs, ranging from tan to dark brown, aiding in camouflage. Most species measure 5 to 7 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) in body length, though some reach up to 15 centimeters (6 inches). They inhabit dry, arid regions across most continents, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas.
Camel Spiders in California
Camel spiders are found in California, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Species within the genus Eremobates, such as Eremobates kiseri, Eremobates socal, and Eremobates pallipes, inhabit areas across the southwestern United States, including parts of California. These arachnids thrive in dry grasslands, deserts, and rocky outcrops, which provide suitable habitats.
Their presence is common in Southern California, including Borrego Springs, and in the San Joaquin Valley. During daylight, they seek refuge in burrows, under rocks, or shaded spots to escape heat. They emerge primarily at night to hunt. Encounters are often localized to these dry habitats.
Myths and Realities of Camel Spiders
Numerous myths surround camel spiders, often exaggerating their size, speed, and danger. These arachnids are not venomous; they lack venom glands and use their powerful chelicerae to tear and crush prey. While a bite can be painful due to jaw strength, it is not medically significant or life-threatening to humans. Discomfort typically involves localized pain and swelling, and serious complications are rare.
Another misconception is that camel spiders are aggressive and chase people. In hot desert environments, they are attracted to shade and may run towards a person’s shadow to seek refuge from the sun. They may also be drawn to movement or light, appearing to chase. These nocturnal predators feed on insects, other arachnids, and small vertebrates like lizards and rodents. Claims of them screaming or running at human speeds are unfounded; while fast (up to 10 miles per hour), they do not scream, though some can make a hissing or buzzing sound.