Yes, bison, often referred to as “buffalo,” are present in Montana, roaming wild across various landscapes. While the term “buffalo” is commonly used, the animals found in Montana are scientifically known as American bison. These iconic mammals hold significant ecological and cultural importance in the state.
Understanding “Buffalo” in Montana
The animals commonly called “buffalo” in Montana are actually American bison (Bison bison). True buffalo species, such as the African Cape buffalo and the Asian water buffalo, are native to different continents and possess distinct physical characteristics.
American bison are easily identified by a prominent shoulder hump, a large head, and a thick, shaggy coat that includes a beard. Their horns are typically short and sharp. In contrast, true buffalo species lack the pronounced shoulder hump and generally have finer hair. Their horns are often larger and more curved.
Key Locations for Bison Viewing
Montana offers several notable locations where visitors can observe American bison in their natural or semi-natural habitats. Yellowstone National Park, which extends into Montana, is home to the largest and oldest continuously free-ranging bison population in the United States. The park’s bison population fluctuates, ranging from approximately 3,500 to 6,000 individuals, and can be seen in areas like the Lamar Valley and near Gardiner, Montana, part of the park’s northern range.
Another important viewing location is the CSKT Bison Range, located near Moiese in western Montana, within the Flathead Indian Reservation. This historic wildlife conservation area is now managed by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT), who officially assumed full management in 2022. The range supports a herd of approximately 300 to 500 bison and offers self-guided driving tours, such as the Red Sleep Drive and Prairie Drive, for public viewing. Beyond these well-known sites, tribal lands across Montana, including the Fort Peck and Fort Belknap Reservations, also host bison herds as part of ongoing conservation and cultural restoration efforts.
Conservation and Responsible Observation
The presence of bison in Montana today is a testament to significant conservation efforts, as the species faced near extinction in the 19th century. By the early 1900s, wild bison populations dwindled to fewer than 100 individuals, primarily due to overhunting. The establishment of areas like the National Bison Range in 1908, through the efforts of groups like the American Bison Society, played a significant role in their recovery. Modern conservation initiatives continue, including programs that transfer Yellowstone bison to tribal lands, fostering both ecological and cultural revitalization.
Observing bison requires adherence to safety guidelines, as these are powerful and unpredictable wild animals. Visitors should maintain a minimum distance of 25 yards (75 feet) from bison, with some recommendations suggesting 100 meters. Bison can run up to 35 miles per hour and may charge without warning, especially if they feel threatened. It is advisable to remain inside a vehicle when bison are nearby and to be aware of their behavior, such as tail raising, head shaking, or pawing the ground, which can indicate agitation. Special caution is needed during calving season (April-June) and the mating season (July-August) when bison can be particularly protective.