Washington State is home to a diverse array of wildlife. Amidst this natural richness lives a native predator, often unseen but widespread. This elusive feline, known for its adaptability and stealth, plays an important role in the local environment.
Bobcat Presence and Appearance in Washington
Bobcats, scientifically classified as Lynx rufus, are present throughout Washington State, making them the most common wild cat species in the region. They inhabit a wide range of environments, including low-elevation forests, shrublands, grasslands, and even the fringes of suburban areas, such as those near Seattle. Their presence is noted across the state, with the exception of its islands.
These medium-sized felines are roughly twice the size of a typical domestic cat, with adults generally weighing between 9 and 33 pounds, though males can reach up to 45 pounds. Their body length typically ranges from 28 to 47 inches.
The bobcat’s fur color varies from buff to brown, sometimes with a reddish tint, and is marked with black spots or stripes, which are often less distinct on older individuals. Their undersides are lighter in color, and bobcats found in eastern Washington may exhibit a lighter buff hue. Distinctive features include ear tufts, facial ruffs, and white spots on the back of their ears.
Their namesake comes from their short, “bobbed” tail, which is typically 2 to 8 inches long, black on top, white underneath, and features a black tip. This short tail, along with their smaller size, helps distinguish them from other wild cats.
Understanding Bobcat Behavior
Bobcats are carnivorous and opportunistic predators. Their primary food sources include small mammals like rabbits, rodents such as mice, voles, and gophers, and mountain beavers. They also hunt snowshoe hares, various birds, reptiles, and insects. Occasionally, they may prey on larger animals such as fawns or injured deer, and can sometimes target domestic animals like poultry or house cats if opportunities arise.
These felines are primarily crepuscular, most active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk. While they can be active during the day, particularly in winter to find food, their activity patterns can shift based on factors like age, sex, temperature, and seasonal prey availability. Instead of long periods of sleep, bobcats tend to take intermittent naps throughout the day and night.
Bobcats are solitary animals and maintain distinct territories, which they mark using urine, feces, and scent glands. Male territories can be significantly larger than those of females, sometimes spanning up to 60 square miles, and may overlap with several female ranges. They typically travel between 2 to 7 miles each night within their established home range, relying on their acute sight and hearing to stalk and ambush prey. As top predators, bobcats play a role in regulating populations of small prey animals.
Living Alongside Bobcats
Bobcats are generally reclusive and shy, tending to avoid human contact, so conflicts are uncommon. If a bobcat is sighted, remain calm and avoid approaching the animal. Slowly back away while keeping the animal in view, as sudden movements can trigger a predatory response. Making oneself appear larger, such as by raising arms, can also help deter the bobcat. For those in areas where bobcats are present, carrying deterrents like a whistle or air horn when hiking can be useful.
To discourage bobcats from frequenting residential areas, implement several preventative measures:
Secure pet food, trash, and small livestock. Coops need reinforcement with heavy-gauge wire to prevent access.
Keep pets indoors, especially at night, and supervise them on a leash when outdoors, as bobcats may view small pets as potential prey.
Install high, sturdy fences, at least 6 feet tall, with smooth surfaces and outward-facing overhangs.
Bobcats are easily startled by loud noises.
Trim dense shrubs and weeds around properties to reduce potential hiding spots for these cautious animals.