The bobcat, or Lynx rufus, is a native wild cat of North America and is the only wild feline species currently found in Virginia. Despite its secretive nature, the bobcat is a well-established resident throughout the Commonwealth. This adaptable predator plays an important role in Virginia’s ecosystem.
Current Status and Geographic Range in Virginia
Bobcats are present throughout Virginia, having made a significant population recovery since the mid-20th century when fur trapping declined and habitat conditions improved. They are found in all major geographic regions of the state, from the mountainous western counties to the coastal plain. Bobcats are highly adaptable and utilize nearly any habitat type, avoiding only densely developed urban areas.
The highest concentrations of bobcats are typically found in heavily forested, mountainous, and rugged terrain, especially within the Alleghany and Massanutten Ranges. They are common in the Dismal Swamp and the mountains, but also exist in wooded districts near farms and human habitation across the Piedmont and coastal regions.
Identifying a Bobcat
The bobcat is a medium-sized cat, noticeably larger than a typical house cat, and gets its name from its very short, “bobbed” tail. They measure 24 to 40 inches in total length and weigh between 10 and 25 pounds, though males can be larger than females. The coat is generally reddish-brown to light brown, often marked with black or dark brown spots and streaks, which aids in camouflage.
A bobcat is distinguished by its relatively long legs and ruffs of longer cheek fur that resemble sideburns. The short tail is usually five to six inches long and features a black tip on the dorsal side. Unlike dogs or coyotes, a bobcat’s tracks lack claw marks due to their retractable claws, making this a helpful identifier in the field.
Ecology and Behavior
Bobcats are solitary and secretive animals, meaning they are rarely observed by humans. They are primarily crepuscular, most active during the twilight hours from three hours before sunset until midnight, and again before dawn. They are highly territorial, and an individual’s home range can extend from 5 to 50 square miles depending on food availability.
As obligate carnivores, the bobcat’s diet consists mostly of small game. Common prey items include rabbits, rodents, squirrels, and birds, and they will occasionally take young deer or fawns. They are ambush hunters, stalking their prey before pouncing, and often cover larger kills with debris to return to them later.
Human Interaction and Safety
Bobcats are naturally shy and pose a low risk to humans, preferring to flee rather than confront. Direct encounters are uncommon because the cats tend to avoid highly developed areas. A bobcat will not approach a human unless it is sick or injured; rabies is a potential, though rare, concern.
Residents should remove attractants from their properties. This includes securing garbage in animal-proof containers and never leaving pet food outdoors, as these items can cause wildlife to lose their natural fear of humans. Protecting domestic fowl or small livestock requires appropriate fencing, and it is important to close up any openings under buildings where an animal might den.
Bobcats are classified as a regulated game species in Virginia, and the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) oversees their management. If a bobcat is sighted, the safest course of action is to observe it from a distance and leave it alone. Should you encounter a sick, injured, or aggressive animal, the DWR or local health department should be contacted immediately for assistance.