The bobcat, Lynx rufus, is a medium-sized wild cat native to North America found in Rhode Island. This adaptable feline occupies a variety of habitats across the state, though its elusive nature often keeps it out of sight from residents. Although the bobcat has never been considered widespread or common, recent observations and research suggest its population is making a notable resurgence.
Current Population Status and History in Rhode Island
The history of the bobcat in Rhode Island reflects a pattern of decline followed by a recent recovery. While the species was never fully extirpated, bobcats were classified as “rare” by state biologists in the late 1960s. Today, the bobcat is legally protected as a furbearer, meaning there is no open season for hunting or trapping the animal. This protected status aligns with its classification as a Species of Greatest Conservation Need.
Recent indicators, including increased sighting reports and road-kills, point to a population that is currently on the rise, both locally and regionally in New England. Research by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (RI DEM) and the University of Rhode Island estimated the effective population size to be approximately 82 individuals. This low density suggests the animal remains uncommon, but the rising number of reports confirms its presence is becoming more apparent.
Distinguishing Physical Characteristics
The bobcat has several distinct features. Its most recognizable feature is the short, or “bobbed,” tail, which typically measures between 2 and 8 inches long. This tail is marked by a black tip on top, contrasting with a white underside.
An adult bobcat generally weighs between 15 and 30 pounds and stands about 1.5 to 2 feet tall at the shoulder. The cat’s coat ranges in color from reddish-brown to a pale gray, often covered in distinct black spots and streaks that provide excellent camouflage. The bobcat also has noticeable tufts of hair on its ears, which are tipped with black, and a distinctive ruff of fur framing its face.
Typical Habitat and Geographic Distribution
Bobcats are adaptable predators found across the entire mainland of Rhode Island, utilizing a variety of natural environments. They prefer forested wetland habitats and areas with young forests. These areas provide dense cover for hunting and resting, as well as proximity to water sources.
While they are highly mobile, sightings are more frequent in the western and southern parts of the state. Researchers have noted increased activity in towns such as South Kingstown, Westerly, Foster, and Narragansett. Despite their preference for wilder areas, bobcats will also travel through residential and developed areas when moving between territories in search of food.
Minimizing Human-Bobcat Encounters
Encounters between bobcats and humans are rare because the cats are naturally shy and primarily active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk. The primary concern involves small pets and unprotected livestock. To prevent conflicts, residents should focus on eliminating accessible food sources that may attract the cats to residential areas.
Securing attractants involves feeding pets indoors and ensuring outdoor pet food and water dishes are removed, especially overnight. Garbage cans should be secured with tight-fitting lids, and dense backyard vegetation that could provide cover should be trimmed back. For those with poultry or domestic rabbits, enclosures must be robust, preferably at least six feet high, and made of heavy-gauge wire to prevent climbing or clawing through.
If a bobcat is sighted, maintain a distance and do not approach the animal. If the bobcat does not immediately retreat, make loud noises, such as shouting, and wave your arms to appear larger. Running away is not recommended, as it can trigger a pursuit response.