Blue Jays are known for their vibrant blue, white, and black plumage. Their distinctive appearance often leads to questions about their geographical distribution, particularly regarding their presence in western states. This article will clarify the native range of the true Blue Jay and identify the species commonly found in Washington State.
The True Blue Jay’s Native Range
The true Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata, is primarily a resident of Eastern and Central North America. Its native range extends from southern Canada, across the eastern and central United States, and reaches south to Florida and northeastern Texas. The western edge of their typical habitat generally stops at the Great Plains, east of the Rocky Mountains.
Historically, their distribution does not naturally include the Pacific Northwest. Despite this, occasional sightings of Cyanocitta cristata have become more regular in Washington State, particularly in eastern regions, signifying a potential range expansion. This westward movement is attributed to factors like urbanization and the availability of feeding stations.
Jays Found in Washington State
Although the true Blue Jay is a rare visitor, Washington State is home to several other jay species. The most prevalent and often confused with the Blue Jay is the Steller’s Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri). This species is a common, year-round resident found throughout forested areas in Washington, including urban and suburban environments.
Another species present in the state is the California Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica). This jay is found in the lowlands of western Washington, with its range expanding northward into areas like Seattle. While less common, the Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii) inhabits dry woodlands in the interior West.
Identifying Washington’s Jays
Distinguishing between the various jays requires attention to specific features. The Steller’s Jay has a prominent black crest and a dark head and chest, which can appear blackish-brown to black. Its body, wings, and tail are a deep blue, and it often displays lighter blue or white streaks on its forehead and chin. Their vocalizations are typically harsh, characterized by a “shaak, shaak, shaak” sound.
The California Scrub-Jay, in contrast, lacks a crest and has a more rounded head. Its plumage features rich azure blue on its head, wings, and tail, contrasting with a grayish-brown back and clean, pale underparts. A subtle white line above the eye and a partial blue “necklace” on the chest are also characteristic. Their calls are generally described as harsh and scratchy.
For comparison, the true Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) has a blue crest, a white face, and a distinct black “necklace” across its throat. Its blue wings and tail exhibit intricate black barring and noticeable white wing-bars and tail tips. Their calls often include a shrill “jaay, jaay” sound, along with various whistled notes.