Black widow spiders are certainly present across the state of Oklahoma, making this a relevant concern for residents and visitors. The presence of these spiders is common, as they thrive in the state’s temperate climate and various habitats. While black widows possess a potent venom, they are generally non-aggressive and prefer to avoid human contact. A bite typically occurs only when the spider is accidentally threatened or squeezed.
Which Black Widow Species Live in Oklahoma
The primary species in Oklahoma is the Southern Black Widow. This species is distributed throughout the southern United States, extending its range into Oklahoma. The Western Black Widow (Latrodectus hesperus) is also found within the state, particularly toward the western regions.
These two species are physically similar and both possess medically significant venom. Identifying the defining characteristics of the female spider is the most practical step for residents, as distinguishing between the specific species is unnecessary for safety.
Key Characteristics for Identification
The female black widow is recognizable by her distinct appearance. The mature female has a body length of about a half-inch, measuring up to one and a half inches with legs extended. Her body is glossy, jet black, and features a large, rounded abdomen.
The most defining feature is the bright red or reddish-orange hourglass marking on the underside of the abdomen. Male black widows are significantly smaller and pose almost no risk to humans due to their size and less potent venom. Juveniles and males often have lighter coloring and stripes that fade as the female matures.
Typical Hiding Spots and Habitats
Black widow spiders prefer to build their webs in dark, secluded, and undisturbed areas. Outside, they commonly establish irregular webs near the ground in places like woodpiles, under stones, or within hollow logs. Man-made structures are also favored locations, including:
- Water meter boxes
- Sheds
- Under eaves
- Near foundation vents
When inside, they seek quiet, cluttered spaces that offer protection. Common indoor hiding spots include dimly lit garages, basements, and crawl spaces. They often inhabit cardboard boxes and stored equipment, leading to accidental contact when people clear clutter. Their webs are sticky and tangled, unlike the neat, organized spirals of garden spiders.
Understanding the Bite Severity and Symptoms
Black widow venom contains a neurotoxin that affects the nervous system, leading to a condition known as latrodectism. The initial bite may feel like a slight pinprick, but symptoms typically begin within 20 minutes to an hour. The primary symptom is the onset of severe, diffuse muscle cramping and pain.
This muscle pain often starts near the bite location but quickly spreads, causing intense cramping and rigidity in the:
- Abdomen
- Back
- Chest
- Shoulders
Other systemic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating, headache, and elevated blood pressure. Fatalities are extremely rare, and no deaths have been reported in the United States for several decades.
If a bite is suspected, clean the wound immediately with soap and water. Applying a cold compress helps slow the spread of venom and reduce pain. Medical attention should be sought immediately, as severe symptoms often require muscle relaxants and pain medication. Individuals at the highest risk for a severe reaction, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions, should receive prompt medical care.