Yes, black bears are present in West Virginia. These adaptable mammals are a native and thriving species across the state. Their presence reflects a successful conservation story, allowing them to expand their range and population.
Black Bear Presence in West Virginia
Black bears are found throughout West Virginia, particularly in forested and mountainous regions. Historically, their populations were significantly reduced, but conservation efforts led to a remarkable comeback. The West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) estimates the state’s black bear population to be around 12,000 to 14,000 individuals, an increase of over 50% during the 21st century. This recovery shows black bears are now widespread across all 55 counties. The black bear is also recognized as the official state animal of West Virginia, symbolizing the state’s wild beauty and resilience.
Understanding Black Bear Behavior
Black bears are omnivores, eating both plants and animals. Their diet varies seasonally, primarily including roots, berries, nuts, and insects, but they also consume small mammals, fish, and carrion. These animals are generally solitary, except for females with cubs or during the breeding season which peaks in late spring and early summer.
Black bears exhibit seasonal activity patterns, emerging from dens in late March to April and remaining active through the fall. They enter dormancy during winter, usually from mid-November to mid-March, relying on fat reserves built during warmer months. Though often described as shy, black bears are highly intelligent and adaptable, capable of learning to associate human-provided food sources with easy meals.
Coexisting Safely with Black Bears
Preventing human-bear encounters involves securing potential food attractants. This includes storing garbage in bear-resistant containers, removing bird feeders when bears are active, and keeping pet food indoors. Cleaning grills after each use and storing them securely also helps eliminate enticing odors. Never intentionally feeding bears, as this can cause them to lose their natural fear of humans and lead to problematic behaviors.
If an encounter with a black bear occurs, remain calm. Do not run, as this can trigger a chase response; instead, back away slowly while facing the bear. Make yourself appear larger by waving your arms and speaking in a calm, firm voice, allowing the bear a clear escape route. Although black bear attacks are rare, if a bear charges or makes contact, fight back aggressively by focusing blows on its face and muzzle.