Bison, North America’s largest land mammal, are present in North Dakota today. These animals hold a significant place in the state’s cultural heritage and ecology. Their grazing habits also contribute to the health and function of grassland ecosystems.
Where North Dakota’s Bison Reside
Bison herds roam in several locations across North Dakota. Theodore Roosevelt National Park is home to free-roaming bison populations in both its North and South Units. The South Unit aims to maintain a herd of 200-500 bison, while the smaller North Unit targets 100-300 animals.
Beyond the national park, bison can be found on various tribal lands. The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe manages its own bison herds, with recent efforts focused on herd management through annual roundups. The Three Affiliated Tribes (Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation) also maintain bison on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. These tribal herds are important for cultural revitalization and food sovereignty.
Other conservation and private herds contribute to the state’s bison presence. The Cross Ranch Nature Preserve near Bismarck hosts a bison pasture. The North American Bison Discovery Center in Jamestown provides a viewing area for a live bison herd. These diverse locations allow for varied management approaches, from wild populations to managed ranches.
The Return of Bison to North Dakota
Historically, vast numbers of bison roamed the North American Great Plains, including modern-day North Dakota. Accounts from the Lewis and Clark Expedition noted “immense herds” in the region. Estimates suggest that 30 to 60 million bison once inhabited the Great Plains. These animals were fundamental to the way of life for Plains Indian peoples, providing food, shelter, and tools.
The late 19th century brought a sharp decline in bison populations due to extensive hunting and habitat destruction. By the turn of the 20th century, the once-large herds were reduced to only a few hundred animals across the continent. This near extinction spurred early conservation efforts by individuals, including Theodore Roosevelt.
Reintroduction initiatives began to bring bison back to their native ranges. In 1956, 29 bison from Nebraska were released into the South Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, with a portion later moved to establish the North Unit population. Tribal nations have also led bison restoration efforts, supported by federal funding to return bison to ancestral lands. Organizations like the InterTribal Buffalo Council facilitate these transfers.
Experiencing Bison in North Dakota
For those interested in seeing bison in North Dakota, Theodore Roosevelt National Park offers prime viewing opportunities. Visitors often encounter bison while driving through both the North and South Units of the park. The park’s scenic loop drives provide excellent vantage points for observing these animals in their natural grassland environment.
Another location for public viewing is Cross Ranch State Park, which features a designated bison pasture. The North American Bison Discovery Center in Jamestown provides a chance to see a live herd and learn about bison history. Guided tours of their pastures are available during certain months, allowing for a closer, yet safe, experience.
When viewing bison, maintaining a safe distance is important. Bison are wild animals that can run up to 35 miles per hour. It is recommended to keep at least 25 yards between yourself and the animals. Staying inside your vehicle when bison are nearby is the safest way to observe them.