A frequent question arises regarding black bears and their occurrence on Cape Cod. While not common residents, black bears have been sighted on Cape Cod, indicating their occasional presence in this unique Massachusetts region.
The Presence of Bears
Black bears (Ursus americanus) are not established as a breeding population on Cape Cod. Occasional sightings have been confirmed over the past decade. The first confirmed presence of a black bear on Cape Cod occurred in 2012 when a young male was documented in West Barnstable. This bear was subsequently seen traveling across the Cape, reaching as far as Provincetown. In 2023, Bourne police also reported a black bear sighting in a residential neighborhood. These occurrences typically involve young, dispersing male bears exploring new areas for territory and food.
The wider Massachusetts black bear population has grown significantly since the 1970s, with estimates now ranging from 4,500 to 5,000 animals statewide. While the majority of these bears reside in western and central Massachusetts, their range is steadily expanding eastward. This expansion means that individuals sometimes venture into regions like southeastern Massachusetts and, on rare occasions, even onto Cape Cod.
Factors Contributing to Sightings
The eastward expansion of the black bear population in Massachusetts is a primary reason for their infrequent appearance on Cape Cod. Young male bears, typically around two years old, are naturally driven from their mothers’ territories to find their own. This dispersal behavior can lead them into unexpected areas. As the overall bear population increases, the likelihood of these exploratory movements into new habitats also rises.
The availability of food sources can also draw bears into human-populated areas. Black bears are omnivores with an exceptional sense of smell, detecting food from a considerable distance. Natural food sources, like berries and nuts, are part of their diet, but human-provided attractants are also influential. Bird feeders, unsecured trash, pet food left outdoors, and compost piles can offer easy and calorie-rich meals, making residential areas appealing. Bears that find food in a location often remember it and may return.
Encountering a Bear
While bear sightings on Cape Cod are uncommon, knowing how to react is beneficial. If you encounter a black bear, remain calm and avoid sudden movements. Do not run, as this could trigger a chase response. Instead, slowly back away while speaking in a calm, steady voice. Making yourself appear larger by raising your arms or holding up a coat can also be helpful.
If a bear approaches or follows you, stand your ground, make noise, and be assertive by yelling or waving your arms. Black bears often make huffing sounds or stamp their paws as a warning. In the unlikely event of a physical attack, fighting back is recommended, targeting the face and nose. After any sighting, especially if it occurs in a residential area, report it to the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife) or the Environmental Police.