The Finger Lakes region of New York State is home to black bears, the only bear species found in the state. While these animals are generally shy and reclusive, sightings have become increasingly common.
Understanding Finger Lakes Black Bears
American black bears are medium-sized mammals, typically measuring between 5 and 6 feet in length and standing 2 to 3 feet tall at the shoulder. While their name suggests black fur, their coats can vary in color, ranging from black to brown, cinnamon, or even a rare blue-grey. Males generally weigh between 200 and 600 pounds, while females are smaller, usually weighing 150 to 250 pounds.
These bears are omnivores, meaning their diet consists of both plants and animals. They primarily consume berries, nuts, grasses, insects, and fruits, but are opportunistic feeders and also eat small mammals, fish, and carrion. Black bears possess a keen sense of smell, able to detect food sources from over two miles away. While naturally timid, they can exhibit defensive behaviors if provoked or if they perceive a threat to cubs or food.
Where Black Bears Roam
Black bears in the Finger Lakes region primarily inhabit extensive forested areas, wetlands, and rural landscapes. Their presence in the Finger Lakes is less frequent compared to the Adirondacks and Catskills, where the majority of New York’s black bear population resides. Reforestation efforts and changes in land use over the last century have expanded bear habitat across New York, contributing to their increased presence in the Finger Lakes.
Bears demonstrate seasonal movements influenced by food availability and breeding cycles. In spring, bears emerge from their dens when focused on finding food after months of dormancy. During summer, particularly June and July, male bears expand their territories in search of mates, leading to increased movement and potential sightings. Young male bears may travel significant distances to establish their own territories, which can lead them into new areas.
While they prefer secluded habitats, bears may venture into suburban and even urban fringes, especially if natural food sources are scarce or human-provided attractants are present. Sightings have been noted in counties like Ontario and Yates, and bears have even been seen swimming in lakes like Keuka Lake.
Safe Encounters and Prevention
Coexisting with black bears means understanding their behavior and preventing attraction. Securing food sources is important, as bears will exploit available human foods. Garbage should be kept in sealed, bear-resistant containers within sturdy buildings like garages or sheds. If curbside pickup is used, garbage should only be placed out on the morning of collection, not the night before.
Bird feeders, as they attract bears, should be removed when bears emerge from their dens. Pet food should always be fed indoors, and outdoor grills should be thoroughly cleaned after each use, with grease traps removed, as bears are drawn to residual odors. It is illegal to intentionally feed bears in New York State, as this can make bears bolder and accustomed to humans, increasing conflict risk.
If a bear sighting occurs, remaining calm is important. Do not approach the bear, especially if cubs are present, as mother bears are protective. Instead, back away slowly, avoid running, and make yourself appear as large as possible by raising your arms and making noise. If a bear is damaging property or is reluctant to leave an area, but the situation is not an immediate emergency, contact the regional New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) wildlife office. For situations posing an immediate danger to public safety, call 911. The DEC may haze bears habituated to human food, or euthanize bears posing a public safety threat; relocation is ineffective.