The American Black Bear is the only bear species found in Arizona, and while the Phoenix core is not a habitat, its range extends into the surrounding mountainous regions. Proximity to large tracts of wildland, such as the Tonto National Forest and the Superstition Mountains, means bears occasionally venture closer to suburban development. Understanding this wildlife presence and knowing how to respond is important for residents and visitors.
Understanding Bear Presence in the Greater Phoenix Area
The American Black Bear is common in the forest, woodland, and chaparral habitats bordering the Phoenix area. They are found in areas like the Tonto National Forest, including the Superstition Mountains, and the mountainous fringes near communities such as Cave Creek and Anthem.
Bears are typically most active at dawn and dusk, but they may become nocturnal when exploiting human food sources near campgrounds or dump sites. Sightings in residential areas often involve younger males searching for new territory, or bears seeking water and food during drought. The Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) monitors these situations. Any non-emergency sighting in a populated area should be reported to their dispatch center, allowing officials to track the animal and encourage its return to the wilderness.
Residential Practices for Preventing Bear Attraction
Preventing a bear from becoming comfortable in a residential area is essential. Bears are primarily motivated by their powerful sense of smell and drive to find easy calories. A bear that is fed, even unintentionally, will become habituated to human food sources, often leading to its removal or death.
The most common attractant is household trash.
- Household trash should be stored in a secured building or a certified bear-proof container. If a secure area is unavailable, wait until the morning of collection day to place bins outside.
- All food waste, including meat scraps, can be stored in a freezer until disposal to minimize odors.
- Bird feeders, especially those containing suet or high-calorie seed, should be removed entirely during warm months or hung at least ten feet high and away from any structure.
- Pet food should never be left outside, and any uneaten portions must be removed between feedings.
- Outdoor grills need to be cleaned immediately after use, as residual grease and food particles attract bears to patios and decks.
- If you have fruit trees, fallen fruit should be picked up daily, as fermenting fruit is a strong attractant.
What to Do During a Bear Encounter
A bear encounter requires a clear-headed, assertive response. The first rule is to never run, as running away can trigger a chase response in the bear. If you see a bear in the distance that is unaware of your presence, quietly move away in the opposite direction.
If the bear is aware of you, the goal is to make yourself look large and imposing. Stand upright and slowly wave your arms, jacket, or any item to increase your visible size. Speak to the bear in a low, assertive voice to identify yourself as human, but avoid screaming or making sudden movements.
Slowly back away while keeping your eyes on the bear, giving it an easy escape route. If a black bear approaches or makes contact, you must fight back vigorously using anything available, such as sticks, rocks, or your fists, focusing on the bear’s face and nose. Unlike the protocol for a grizzly bear, you should never play dead when dealing with a black bear. This is because the species rarely perceives humans as prey, and an attack is likely predatory. If you encounter a female with cubs, never place yourself between the mother and her young.