Pennsylvania’s natural landscapes, from expansive forests to winding rivers, support a diverse array of wildlife. Residents and visitors often encounter various creatures thriving within these settings.
Bears Call Pennsylvania Home
Black bears (Ursus americanus) are residents of Pennsylvania and the only bear species found in the state. Their population has significantly increased over recent decades, growing from approximately 4,000 in the 1970s to an estimated 18,000 to 19,000 today. This population is distributed across much of the state, with sightings confirmed in every county. The Pennsylvania Game Commission monitors their numbers and manages the population through regulated hunting seasons, ensuring their health and minimizing human-bear conflicts.
Where They Roam
Black bears inhabit over three-quarters of Pennsylvania, primarily favoring large forested areas. They can be found across various regions, from the north-central and northeastern counties, which host the largest populations, to more suburban fringes where development encroaches on their habitat. While they prefer dense cover, bears are occasionally seen in less forested areas, particularly during dispersal or in search of food. Their expanded range has led to increased human-bear interactions as their territories overlap more with human settlements.
Understanding Bear Habits
Black bears are omnivorous, consuming a wide variety of foods. Their diet includes berries, nuts like acorns and beechnuts, corn, insects, and carrion. During late summer and fall, bears engage in hyperphagia, a period of intensive feeding where they can consume up to 20,000 calories daily to build fat reserves for winter denning. While bears typically den from late October to early December and emerge in March or April, some may remain active if food is abundant. They are generally shy and avoid humans, but their strong sense of smell often draws them to human-provided food sources such as garbage, pet food, and bird feeders.
Living Safely Alongside Bears
Preventing Conflicts
Coexisting with black bears involves proactive measures to prevent conflicts, especially given their attraction to human food. Secure all garbage, recycling, and compost in bear-resistant containers or indoors until collection day. Feed pet food indoors, and thoroughly clean outdoor grills after each use to remove food residues. Bird feeders can also attract bears and should be removed, especially during warmer months when bears are most active.
During an Encounter
If an encounter occurs, remain calm; if the bear has not noticed you, quietly retreat from the area. If the bear is aware of your presence, identify yourself by speaking calmly and slowly backing away, avoiding direct eye contact. Do not run; this may trigger a chase response, and bears can run up to 35 mph. If a bear approaches or charges, stand your ground, appear larger by waving your arms, and make loud noises to deter it. In the rare event of a physical attack, fight back vigorously, targeting the bear’s face and nose, and report the incident to the Pennsylvania Game Commission.