Black bears, once absent from the state, have re-established a significant presence in Oklahoma. This return marks a notable success in wildlife recovery, bringing these large mammals back to their historical ranges. Understanding where these bears live, their behaviors, and how to interact safely with them is important. This article explores Oklahoma’s bear population, their preferred environments, and practical advice for safe coexistence.
Bears in Oklahoma
The Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the sole bear species found in Oklahoma. These omnivorous animals typically stand 2 to 3 feet at the shoulder and can reach 4 to 6 feet in length. Adult bears generally weigh between 150 and 400 pounds, though some males can grow larger. Their diet is diverse, including nuts, berries, grasses, insects, eggs, honey, and small mammals.
Historically, black bears faced a drastic decline in Oklahoma by the early 1900s due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. However, reintroduction efforts in Arkansas during the 1950s and 1960s led to the natural expansion of bears back into eastern Oklahoma in the late 20th century. This re-establishment allowed the species to reclaim its former territory within the state.
Where They Live
Black bears primarily inhabit eastern Oklahoma, with significant concentrations in the Ouachita Mountains (southeastern region) and the Ozark Highlands (east-central Oklahoma). Counties known for bear presence in the Ouachita region include Latimer, LeFlore, McCurtain, and Pushmataha. In the Ozark region, Adair, Cherokee, and Sequoyah counties are notable for their bear populations.
Bears prefer dense forests and remote areas with ample access to water and diverse food sources. Openings within forested areas provide berries, while lowlands and wetlands offer tender vegetation. Bear sightings have expanded westward from these core areas, reaching locations like Ada, Wewoka, Grove, and even parts of the Panhandle and Oklahoma County. This expansion suggests a growing and adaptable population seeking new territories.
Safe Encounters with Bears
Minimizing human-bear conflicts requires proactive measures, particularly concerning food attractants. Secure all garbage in sealed, bear-resistant containers and avoid leaving pet food outdoors. Clean and properly store grills after each use, and remove bird feeders during summer and early fall when natural food sources are abundant. For livestock or apiaries, electric fencing can provide an effective deterrent. When camping, food and scented items must be stored in bear-resistant containers or locked inside a vehicle, never in tents.
If a bear encounter occurs, remain calm and do not run, as this can trigger a chase response. Instead, stand your ground, make yourself appear as large as possible by waving your arms or holding a jacket overhead, and make noise by yelling or clapping. Slowly back away, keeping an eye on the bear, and ensure it has a clear escape route. Never approach or feed a bear. In the unlikely event of a black bear charge or attack, do not play dead; instead, fight back aggressively, targeting the bear’s face and muzzle, and use bear spray if available.
Bear Population and Conservation
Oklahoma’s black bear population is considered stable and growing. The Ouachita Mountains region supports a robust population, estimated to be around 1,300 bears. The Ozark population is smaller and more recently established, benefiting from ongoing dispersal from Arkansas. Overall, Oklahoma’s black bear numbers are estimated to be around 2,500 animals.
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) plays a central role in managing this expanding population. Their efforts include conducting research to monitor population dynamics, such as using capture-mark-recapture methods and genetic analysis. This research informs management strategies to reduce human-bear conflict and ensure the species’ long-term viability. A regulated hunting season, first implemented in 2009 in specific southeastern counties, also serves as a management tool for maintaining a healthy and balanced bear population.