Black bears are present in North Dakota, though not as widespread as in many other states. Their presence is primarily concentrated in specific regions, and understanding their habits and how to coexist safely is valuable for residents and visitors.
Bear Species and Locations
North Dakota is home to black bears (Ursus americanus), the only bear species typically found within the state’s borders. Grizzly bears, while historically present, were extirpated from North Dakota over a century ago, with the last documented killing occurring in 1897. They are not currently part of the state’s active wildlife.
Black bear sightings are most common in the northeastern and north-central parts of the state, including the Pembina Hills, Turtle Mountains, Red River Valley, and other northern counties bordering Canada. These bears often wander into North Dakota from established populations in neighboring Minnesota and Manitoba, seeking suitable habitat and food sources. North Dakota is the least forested state in the U.S., which limits extensive bear habitat, but areas with dense tree cover and brush provide necessary refuge.
Although there is no known established breeding population within the state, the North Dakota Game and Fish Department typically confirms 12-15 black bear sightings annually. Sightings outside these core regions can occur, often involving young males dispersing from their natal ranges in search of new territory.
Bear Behavior and Habitat
Black bears are omnivorous, meaning their diet includes both plant and animal matter, adapting to what is seasonally available. In spring, they emerge from hibernation and forage on tender vegetation, insects, and carrion. Summer brings an abundance of berries, nuts, insects, and occasionally small mammals or fish. As fall approaches, bears increase eating to build significant fat reserves for winter hibernation, focusing on high-calorie nuts, seeds, and fruits.
Their preferred habitats in North Dakota include dense forests, wetlands, and riparian areas that offer cover, water, and diverse food sources. Black bears are generally solitary, except for females with cubs, and tend to avoid human contact. They typically exhibit a shy disposition, retreating from people unless accustomed to human-provided food. Cubs are born in winter dens and stay with their mothers for about a year and a half before dispersing.
Safety and Coexistence
Coexisting with black bears in North Dakota involves understanding their behavior and taking precautions to prevent encounters. Proper food storage is important for both campers and residents; all food, garbage, and scented items should be secured in bear-resistant containers or kept indoors. Regularly cleaning barbecue grills and keeping pet food inside also removes attractants that might draw bears to residential areas.
When hiking or recreating where bears might be present, making noise by talking or clapping can alert bears to your presence, giving them time to move away. Carrying bear spray and knowing how to use it provides an additional layer of safety.
If a black bear is sighted, remain calm and never approach the animal. Do not run, as this can trigger a chase response. Instead, make yourself appear as large as possible by spreading your arms or holding up a jacket, and speak in a firm voice. Slowly back away, allowing the bear an escape route, and avoid direct eye contact.
Black bear attacks are very rare, and most bears prefer to avoid people. Any black bear sightings or nuisance bear issues should be reported to the North Dakota Game and Fish Department, which uses public reports to track bear distribution and frequency.