New Mexico is home to the American Black Bear. This native species is a natural part of the state’s landscapes. Understanding these animals helps residents and visitors coexist with them.
The Black Bear in New Mexico
The American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the only bear species in New Mexico; grizzly bears are no longer present. These adaptable bears thrive in various North American habitats, including New Mexico.
While called “black bears,” their fur color varies significantly, ranging from black to brown, cinnamon, or blonde. Cinnamon is a common color phase in New Mexico.
Adult male black bears in New Mexico weigh 200-400 pounds, while females weigh 150-180 pounds. They are omnivorous, with a seasonally shifting diet. Spring brings grasses, roots, and insects; summer, berries, fruits, and honey; autumn, acorns, piñon nuts, and juniper berries, which build fat reserves for winter.
Where They Roam
Black bears are widely distributed across New Mexico, primarily inhabiting forested mountain ranges and canyons that offer ample food and cover.
Areas like the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Gila National Forest, and Lincoln National Forest are bear habitats. They are also found in the Sandia and Sacramento Mountains.
Their home ranges vary, influenced by food availability. They may extend into suburban or agricultural areas, especially during drought or food scarcity.
This expansion into human-populated areas occurs when natural food sources are limited, prompting bears to seek alternative sustenance. Though shy, their foraging needs bring them closer to human activity.
Living Alongside Bears
Coexisting with black bears in New Mexico requires awareness and responsible practices to minimize human-bear conflicts.
Securing food attractants is essential: use bear-resistant trash containers, clean outdoor grills thoroughly, and avoid leaving pet food outside.
Harvest ripening fruit from trees and bushes. Remove or secure bird feeders, especially when bears are active, as they are high-calorie attractants.
If you encounter a bear, remain calm. Do not run, as this triggers a chase response. Instead, slowly back away while facing the bear, appearing large by waving your arms or holding out your jacket. Making noise alerts the bear to your presence.
If a black bear attacks, fight back aggressively. These actions maintain the bear’s natural wariness of humans, vital for their safety and ours.