Black bears are present in Missouri, marking a significant return for a species once nearly absent from the state. The American black bear has naturally re-established populations across parts of Missouri.
Missouri’s Bear Population
The only bear species found in Missouri is the American black bear (Ursus americanus). Historically, black bears were common throughout the state, but by the early 20th century, unregulated hunting and habitat destruction led to their near disappearance. A small, remnant population may have persisted in the Ozarks, but the primary re-establishment has been from bears migrating northward from Arkansas, where reintroduction efforts began in the 1950s and 1960s.
Missouri’s black bear population is primarily concentrated in the southern part of the state, particularly within the heavily forested Ozark region, largely south of Interstate 44. As their numbers grow, bears are increasingly expanding their range into new areas, with sightings reported further north. In 2024, the black bear population in Missouri was estimated to be around 1,000 individuals, a notable increase from approximately 300 bears in 2010. This population is growing at an annual rate of about 9 percent.
Black bears are recognized as a protected species in Missouri. The state implemented a highly regulated hunting season for black bears starting in 2021, allowing for a limited harvest while supporting continued population growth.
Understanding Bear Behavior
Black bears are omnivores, meaning their diet includes both plant and animal matter, though plant material constitutes 80-85% of what they consume. Their foraging habits change with the seasons, adapting to the availability of different food sources. In spring, they primarily eat grasses and other nonwoody plants, while summer brings a shift to berries and other fruits. As fall approaches, their diet relies heavily on nuts and acorns, which are crucial for building fat reserves before winter hibernation.
These bears prefer heavily wooded areas and dense cover, which provide both food and shelter. During winter, black bears enter a state of hibernation, typically denning in hollow trees, caves, or excavated hollows in the ground. Mating usually occurs in June or July, and females give birth to two or three cubs during their winter hibernation.
Bears emerge from their dens in the spring, actively seeking food after their winter rest. While secretive, their increasing population density means they may be encountered closer to human habitation. Their strong sense of smell helps them locate food.
Safe Coexistence with Bears
Living in or visiting areas where bears are present requires an understanding of how to prevent encounters and what to do if one occurs. A primary measure involves securing food attractants, as bears are drawn to accessible food sources. This includes storing garbage, recyclables, and compost inside secure buildings or bear-resistant containers, and ensuring outdoor grills and smokers are kept clean and stored indoors.
Other preventative actions include refraining from leaving pet food outside, as bears can easily be attracted to it. Bird feeders can also lure bears, so it is advisable to remove them from April through November in bear country. For those with beehives, chicken coops, or gardens, electric fencing can be an effective deterrent.
If a bear is sighted, remain calm and avoid running, which can trigger a chase response. Instead, make noise, speak in a calm but loud voice, and make yourself appear as large as possible by spreading your arms. Slowly back away, giving the bear an escape route, and never approach or attempt to feed it. Reporting bear sightings to the Missouri Department of Conservation helps monitor their activity.