Maryland is home to a growing population of black bears, making encounters with these animals increasingly common across the state. Their successful population recovery and expansion into new territories has led to this. Understanding their presence and habits is important.
Maryland’s Bear Population
The American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is Maryland’s only bear species. Historically, black bears were widespread, but habitat loss and unregulated hunting reduced their numbers to a few in far western Maryland by the 1950s. Through conservation efforts and habitat recovery, Maryland’s black bear population has since rebounded.
Maryland has a breeding population of black bears primarily in four western counties: Garrett, Allegany, Washington, and Frederick. The highest densities are in Garrett and Allegany counties. As the population expands, sightings are becoming more frequent in central and southern counties, including Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and Montgomery. Young male bears may travel significant distances (100-150 miles) in search of new territories, leading to sightings outside established breeding grounds. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) estimates the state’s black bear population to be between 1,500 and 2,000.
Living Alongside Bears
Bears may venture into human-populated areas in search of food, especially as their habitats expand into human development. Opportunistic feeding habits lead them to consume accessible food sources. This includes garbage, pet food, birdseed, and outdoor grills. Proactive measures can help minimize human-bear conflicts and protect both residents and bears.
Securing food attractants is a primary step in “bear-proofing” properties. This involves storing garbage in bear-resistant containers or secured sheds until collection day, and bringing pet food and bird feeders indoors, especially overnight. Cleaning outdoor grills thoroughly after each use prevents attracting bears with lingering food odors. When recreating in bear-active areas like hiking trails, it is best to keep pets leashed and carry out all food scraps and trash. Being aware of surroundings and making noise while hiking helps prevent surprising a bear.
If You Encounter a Bear
Encountering a bear can be startling, but knowing how to react ensures safety. If you see a bear at a distance, it is best to give it space and observe quietly. Do not approach the bear, especially if it is with cubs, as a mother bear can be defensive. Slowly back away while facing the bear, increasing the distance.
If a bear approaches you, remain calm and avoid running, as this can trigger a chase response. Make yourself appear large by waving your arms and making noise (yelling or clapping). If the bear continues to approach or stands on its hind legs, it is likely trying to identify you, not necessarily acting aggressively. Continue to stand your ground and make noise. If a bear makes physical contact, especially if it is a predatory attack, fight back aggressively using anything available.