Greece’s diverse landscapes, from coastal areas to rugged mountains, are home to a variety of wildlife, including bears. While perhaps surprising given its Mediterranean image, bears are present in the country’s wild spaces.
Bear Species and Their Presence
Greece is home to a single bear species, the brown bear (Ursus arctos). These large mammals primarily inhabit the country’s mountainous and forested regions, concentrated in two main, geographically separate populations.
The larger population resides in the Pindos Mountains of northwestern Greece, extending through prefectures like Florina, Kastoria, Ioannina, and Grevena. The second, smaller population is in the Rhodope Mountains of northeastern Greece. Brown bears prefer mixed coniferous and deciduous forests, typically at altitudes between 900 and 1700 meters. They also frequent agricultural areas like crops and orchards, especially when food sources are abundant in summer.
Population Dynamics and Conservation
The brown bear population in Greece has shown positive trends in recent years, particularly within the Pindos range. Current estimates suggest a population of 450 to 870 individuals. This notable increase includes reports of the Pindos population potentially doubling due to conservation efforts.
The brown bear is a fully protected species under Greek national law and several international agreements. These include the Bern Convention (Annex II), the EU Habitats Directive (Annexes II and IV), and CITES, which prohibits international trade. Within the European Union, the brown bear is considered ‘Near Threatened’ due to fragmented populations, despite a global ‘Least Concern’ listing by the IUCN. Organizations like Arcturos and Callisto contribute to conservation by operating sanctuaries, monitoring populations, and mitigating human-wildlife conflicts.
Coexisting with Bears
Bears in Greece generally exhibit shy behavior, avoiding human contact and retreating when sensed. However, as human activities expand into bear habitats, encounters can increase. Bears may approach settlements seeking food, especially near unsecured waste or during crop and fruit harvesting.
To minimize unexpected encounters, make your presence known while hiking by talking, singing, or using a whistle. Staying on established trails and avoiding dense vegetation also reduces the likelihood of surprising a bear. Proper food storage and waste management are important for those in bear areas. Secure garbage in bear-proof containers, clean up food waste, and promptly harvest fruit from trees.
If an encounter occurs, remain calm and avoid sudden movements. Stay still and avoid actions perceived as threats, such as shouting or picking up objects. Slowly back away, giving the bear space and an escape route, and avoid running as it can provoke a chase. Never approach bear cubs, as the mother is likely nearby and highly protective. Report frequent bear sightings near populated areas to local forest authorities or organizations like Arcturos for safety.