Black bears are present in Alabama. The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is the native species found within the state. Though their populations were once severely diminished, conservation efforts have supported their return to various regions.
Alabama’s Black Bear Presence
Black bears were historically widespread in Alabama but declined due to hunting and habitat loss. Their numbers have recovered in recent decades, with two primary populations now recognized. One population is native to southwestern Alabama, while another has expanded into the northeastern region from Georgia. This resurgence highlights their adaptability and the positive impact of conservation.
Black bears are omnivorous. Their diet includes berries, nuts, insects, small mammals, and carrion. Males typically weigh 150-350 pounds, females 120-250 pounds. They have a keen sense of smell for locating food and are agile climbers.
Key Habitats in Alabama
Black bears are found in two distinct regions. The southwestern population resides in Mobile, Washington, and Baldwin counties, especially the Mobile River Basin. These bears are identified as the Florida subspecies (Ursus americanus floridanus). This area provides habitat with bottomland hardwood forests, swamps, and dense undergrowth.
A second population is establishing itself in northeastern Alabama, in DeKalb, Cherokee, and Etowah counties, expanding from northwest Georgia. These bears are classified as the American black bear subspecies (Ursus americanus americanus). They inhabit the Appalachian foothills, preferring mixed hardwood/pine forests, meadows, wetlands, and river bottoms for food and cover. Sporadic sightings in other areas indicate a slow but steady increase in their overall presence.
Coexisting with Bears
Living or visiting bear habitats requires safety measures to minimize human-bear conflicts. Bears are attracted to residential areas by accessible food sources. Securing trash in bear-resistant containers, avoiding outdoor pet food, and removing bird feeders when bears are active are effective steps. Keeping outdoor grills clean and stored away also reduces attractants.
If you encounter a black bear, remain calm and avoid running; bears can reach speeds of up to 30 mph. Stand tall, appear large, and make noise. Slowly back away, allowing the bear an escape route, and avoid direct eye contact. If an attack occurs, fight back vigorously, focusing on the bear’s snout and face. Report bear sightings to the Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries Division to help monitor their movements and behavior.