The bald eagle, a prominent symbol and remarkable bird of prey, now thrives in Tennessee. Its presence confirms a significant conservation success story. Once facing severe population declines, these majestic birds have made a remarkable comeback within the state’s diverse landscapes.
Bald Eagles in Tennessee
Bald eagles are found throughout Tennessee, with both resident and migratory populations. The state is home to over 175 nesting pairs, based on 2012 data, with many birds remaining year-round. Northern breeding populations also migrate to Tennessee for the winter, arriving in late October. The winter population can peak at 300 to 500 eagles, typically in late January to mid-February.
No successful bald eagle nests were known in Tennessee between 1961 and 1983. However, following the 1972 ban of the pesticide DDT and dedicated reintroduction programs, their numbers have increased considerably.
Where and When to Spot Them
Observing bald eagles in Tennessee often involves visiting areas with large bodies of water, which provide their primary food source of fish. These birds prefer forested areas near lakes and rivers for nesting and foraging.
Key locations for spotting bald eagles include:
Reelfoot Lake (known for one of the largest wintering populations outside of Alaska)
Dale Hollow Lake
Kentucky Lake
Chickamauga Lake
Watts Bar Lake
Pickwick Lake
Douglas Lake
Areas along the French Broad and Clinch Rivers
The best time to observe migratory bald eagles is during the winter months, from late October through mid-February, when their numbers are highest. Resident nesting pairs can be seen year-round. Egg laying typically peaks in late February in Tennessee. When watching for eagles, look for them perching in tall trees near water, soaring high overhead with broad, flat wings, or diving to catch fish.
Protecting Their Future
The recovery of the bald eagle population in Tennessee is a testament to significant conservation efforts. A primary reason for their rebounding numbers was the banning of DDT, a pesticide that caused reproductive failures in eagles. Aggressive reintroduction programs, often referred to as “hacking,” also played a major role. The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), in collaboration with organizations like the American Eagle Foundation, released hundreds of juvenile eagles into the wild from 1980 until 2003.
These efforts included careful monitoring of nests and habitat preservation. Bald eagles were removed from the federal endangered species list in 2007. However, they remain protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. Continued public awareness and responsible viewing practices are important for their long-term well-being in Tennessee.